The Progressive Era

1
The Progressive Era

• Chapter 9
• US History

2
Progressivism

• Return Control of Government to People
• Restore Economic Opportunities
• Correct Injustices

3
Protect Social Welfare

• YMCA
• libraries, education and sports
• Salvation Army
• soup kitchens, child care, slum brigades
• Florence Kelley
• Illinois Factory Act of 1893
• child labor and womens hours

4
Promoting Social Reform

• Prohibition
• Womens Christian Temperance Movement
• Frances Willard
• Anti Saloon League
• Carry Nation

5
Economic Reform

• Panic of 1893
• Capitalism and laissez-faire questioned
• American Socialist Party
• Eugene Debs
• Muckrakers
• Ida Tarbell, History of Standard Oil Co

6
Business Reform

• Scientific Management
• Ford
• Assembly line
• Robot
• 5/day for workers

7
Government Reform

• Local Governments
• Council-Manager style
• Reform Mayors
• schools, parks, electric plants, government owned
  utilities
• State Governments
• Robert La Follette Republican, RR regulation

8
Government Reform of Labor

• Child Labor
• Pay, health problems, accidents
• National Child Labor Committee
• Keating Own Act 1916
• Prohibited interstate transportation of child
  made goods
• Overturned by US Supreme Court
• Muller v. Oregon 1908
• Womens work day 10 hours
• Maryland Workers Comp 1902

9
Government Election Reform

• William URen in Oregon
• Australian Ballot
• initiatives
• referendums
• recalls
• Wisconsin Direct Primary 1903
• Direct election of Senators
• 17th Amendment, 1917

10
Womens Reform

• Public Life
• Domesticity Maids, cooks, laundresses,
  piece-work, 70 women servants
• Industry 25 factories, 40 in tobacco, 50
  garment trade, clerical
• 1890 more female high school graduates
• Art and Literature Clubs

11
Womens Reform

• Women Colleges
• Vassar, Bernard, and Radcliffe
• National Association of Colored Women
• Suffrage - Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady
  Staton, Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe
• Strategy
• State legislatures
• Courts Supreme Court ruled Women citizens 1875
• Constitutional Amendment

12
Teddy Roosevelt

• McKinley assassinated
• Roosevelts background
• wealthy NY Family ill as child Athletic
• 1st Wife Died NY politics Assistant Sec of the
  Navy
• Spanish American War Governor VP and then
  President
• Modern President
• Bully Pulpit
• Square Deal

13
Square Deal

• Strong Federal Government
• 1902 Coal Strike
• George Baer, mine owner
• 5 month strike
• heating for homes
• 9 hour day, 10 pay increase, promised not to
  strike for 3 years
• Precedent If a strike threatens the public
  welfare the president should intervene

14
Trust Busting

• 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Good v. Bad Monopolies
• Northern Securities Company (NW railroads) 1904
• Federal regulation of Industry 44 suits
• RR regulation
• 1887 Interstate Commerce Act no ownership pools
• Interstate Commerce Commission
• Elkins Act of 1903 public notification of rates
• Hepburn Act of 1906 no free passes (bribery)

15
Environment

• FDA
• The Jungle, Upton Sinclair
• Poisonous ingredients, unproven drugs, childrens
  drugs with opium, alcohol or cocaine
• Meat Inspection Act 1906
• Pure Food and Drug Act
• Conservation
• Abusers business, pioneers, ranchers, coal
  companies, loggers, cities

16
Environment

• Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks (50)
• Hydroelectric Sites
• Pinchot head US Forest Service
• Muir 148 million acres of forests protected
• National Reclamation Act of 1902

17
Civil Rights

• Weak side of the Square Deal
• Did not support Civil Rights rather supported
  individual African American Leader
• Booker T. Washington Tuskegee Institute
• Dismissed Regiment of African American Soldiers
• W.E.B. Duboise The Souls of Black Folk
• Social and economic equality
• NAACP (1909) reform through the courts

18
Progressivism under Taft

• Roosevelt chooses Taft then unhappy
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff
• Lower rated on manufactured good, angered
  Republicans
• Ballinger Secretary of the Interior
• Undid many of Roosevelts efforts disagrees with
  Pinchot Pinchot fired

19
Republican Party Splits

• Progressives
• Start working with democrats
• Old Guard
• Speaker of the House, Uncle Joe Cannon ignored
  progressive bills
• Loose mid-term elections
• Bull Moose Party under Roosevelt

20
Bull Moose Platform

• Direct Election of Senators
• All states adopt recall, initiative and
  referendum
• Womens suffrage
• Workmens Compensation
• 8 hour work day
• Minimum wage for Women
• Federal law against Child Labor
• Federal Trade Commission

21
1912 Presidential Election

• Republicans split
• Taft conservative
• Roosevelt progressive
• Democrats Wilson
• New Freedom Platform
• All monopolies bad, small business rights,
  competition
• Socialist Debs
• End capitalism, distribute governments wealth

22
Progressivism under Wilson

• Character ministers son, college professor,
  governor NJ
• Direct Primary for President
• Workmens Compensation
• Government regulation of Utilities
• Triple Wall of Privilege trusts, Tariffs, and
  high finance
• Federal Trade Act
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act
• Federal Trade Act of 1914
• Underwood Tariff Act of 1913

23
Progressivism under Wilson

• Federal Income Tax 16th Amendment
• Progressive
• under 4 K annually did not pay
• 1 to 8 tax
• Federal Reserve Act of 1913
• 12 districts
• aid loans
• money in emergencies

24
Womens Sufferage

• 1910 Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Ohio
• Local suffrage
• Boston Equal Suffrage Association and College
  Equal Suffrage League
• Susan B. Anthony retires Carrie Chapman Catt
  leads NAWSA
• 1910-1012 victories in WA, CA, KS, OR, and AZ
• Lucy Burns and Alice Paul radicals
• Picketed White House, worked for WWI money and
  supplies
• 19th Amendment 1919
• 72 years after the 1842 Seneca Falls Convention

25
Limits of Progressivism

• Civil Rights
• Opposed federal anti-lynching argued state issue
• Appointed pro-segregation Southerners to cabinet
• Civil Rights activist felt betrayed
• WWI occupied most of Wilsons presidency
• WWI stalled Civil Right Activist