Angiosperm Evolution

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Angiosperm Evolution
Jere A. Boudell, Ph.D.
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Plant Groups

• Anthophyta
• Bryophytes
• Chlorophyta
• Coniferophyta
• Pterophyta
• Plant Groups Characteristics Table
• Combined Plant Group Image
• Dictionary

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Bryophytes
Li Zhang
Karen Renzaglia
Mosses
Liverworts

• Characteristics

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Bryophyte Characteristics

• Chlorophyll a,b and carotenoids in chloroplasts
• Starch stored inside chloroplasts
• Gametophyte dominant sporophyte attached
• Lack true vascular system
• Mosses have specialized water food conducting
  cells
• Lack true roots - have rhizoids instead
• Sperm must swim through water to reach egg

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Pterophyta
J.Horn
Ferns
Characteristics
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Pterophyta Characteristics

• Chlorophyll a,b and carotenoids in chloroplasts
• Starch stored inside chloroplasts
• Sporophyte dominant free-living
• True vascular system
• Sporophyte has roots
• Sperm must swim through water to reach egg
• Megaphylls

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Coniferophyta
Pines
Characteristics
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Coniferophyta Characteristics

• Chlorophyll a,b and carotenoids in chloroplasts
• Starch stored inside chloroplasts
• Sporophyte dominant free-living
• True vascular system
• Sporophyte has roots
• Sperm transported in pollen by wind
• Megaphylls
• Produce seeds
• Ovules seeds exposed

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Chlorophyta
Characteristics
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Chlorophyta Characteristics

• Chlorophyll a,b and carotenoids in chloroplasts
• Store starch inside chloroplasts
• Gametic, sporic (alternation of generations), and
  zygotic meiosis
• Gametes must swim through water
• Lack vascular system
• Lack roots

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Anthophyta
B. Frith
OK Biological Survey
Flowering plants
M. Ayasse
Characteristics
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Anthophyta Characteristics

• Chlorophyll a,b and carotenoids in chloroplasts
• Starch stored inside chloroplasts
• Sporophyte dominant free-living
• True vascular system
• Sporophyte has roots
• Megaphylls
• Sperm transported in pollen by animals and wind
• Produce flowers
• Produce seeds enclosed in fruit

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Plant Groups and Characteristics
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• Gametophyte In plants, which have an alternation
  of generations, the haploid, gamete-producing
  phase.
• Alternation of generations A reproductive cycle
  in which a haploid phase, the gametophyte,
  produces gametes, which, after fusion in pairs to
  form a zygote, germinate, producing a diploid
  phase, the sporophyte. Spores produced by
  meiotic division from the sporophyte give rise to
  new gametophytes, completing the cycle. This
  life cycle is characteristic of plants and many
  algae.
• Megaphyll A generally large leaf with several to
  many veins its leaf trace is associated with a
  leaf gap in contrast to microphyll.
• Rhizoids root-hairlike structures in liverworts,
  mosses, and some vascular plants, which occur on
  free-living gametophytes.
• Sporophyte The spore-producing, diploid phase in
  a life cycle characterized by alternation of
  generations.

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Raven et al. 1992. Biology of Plants 5th Edition.