Evolution Of Plants to Land

1
Evolution Of Plants to Land
2
Characteristics of Lab Plants

• Eukaryotic
• Photosynthetic autotrophs
• Cellulose cell wall
• Terrestrial
• Alternation of generations
• Embryophytes

3
Four Groups Based On The Four Evolutionary Steps
to Live On Land

• Bryophytes-mosses
• Ferns
• Gymnosperms-Conifers and cycads
• Angiosperms-flowering plants

4
Alternation of Generations
5
Four Major Evolutionary Steps to Land

• Bryophytes
• Adaptations to life on land include
• Multicellular plant body
• Conservation of water
• Modified photosynthetic tissues that helps them
  absorb carbon dioxide without loosing excess
  water
• Lack
• Vascular tissues of xylem and phloem
• Structural tissues

6
Second Modification to Life On Land

• Ferns
• Developed xylem (water transport) and Phloem
  (sugar transport).true tissues
• Can thus grow tall
• Still need water for reproduction

7
Third Evolutionary Modification

• Gymnosperms- naked seed
• Evolved the seed to protect the embryo

8
Fourth Evolutionary Adaptation

• Angiosperm
• Invented the flower as a means of reproduction
• Flower is a co-evolution with insects to disperse
  pollen
• Most abundant type of plant, even if the dont
  use flowers.

9
Why are Kelp Not Plants?

• There is actually good reason for this. One of
  the defining characteristics of the Protista is
  that, unlike animals or plants, its members do
  not contain more than one clearly differentiated
  functional tissues. Kelp, for all their outward
  complexity and internal structure, are not
  considered to possess more than one clearly
  defined tissue type. This being the case, they
  cannot be considered plants, and for this and
  other reasons they clearly are not animals or
  fungi either.