Alismataceae the arrowhead or waterplantain family 42930 cosmopolitan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: Alismataceae the arrowhead or waterplantain family 42930 cosmopolitan


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Alismataceae -- the arrowhead or water-plantain
family (4/29-30 cosmopolitan)
Alismatanae
Plants flowering, synoecious or monoecious
(rarely dioecious) milky sap Habit aquatic
herbs Leaves simple mostly basal with or without
a well developed blade (sometimes leaves
dimorphic) parallel-veined Inflorescences cymes
(can appear racemose or paniculate),
terminal Flowers actinomorphic, perfect or
imperfect, hypogynous gynoecium borne on a well
developed convex receptacle and in most genera
the carpels are spirally arranged (occasionally
in whorls) Calyx 3 sepals, distinct Corolla 3
petals, distinct, ephemeral Androecium 6-many
stamens distinct Gynoecium superior 6-many
distinct carpels 1 locule/carpel 1
ovule/locule, basal placentation 1 short style
with inconspicuous stigma Fruit aggregate of
achenes Floral formula Ca 3 Co 3 A 6-? G
6-?
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Potamogetonaceae -- the pondweed family (1/100
cosmopolitan)
Alismatanae
Plants flowering, bisexual flowers Habit aquatic
herbs Leaves alternate (rarely opposite or
whorled), simple, entire, sheathing with
stipule-like ligules floating or submersed
leaves Inflorescences spike Flowers
actinomorphic, perfect, hypogynous Perianth 4
tepals, distinct, inconspicuous Androecium 4
stamens distinct, opposite the tepals and
basally adnate to them anthers
sessile Gynoecium superior 4 distinct carpels
1 locule/carpel ovule/locule, marginal
placentation 1 short style or sessile
stigma Fruit achene or drupe Floral formula T
4 A 4 G 4
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Araceae -- the arum family (108/2830
cosmopoliton, mostly in tropics and subtropics)
Aranae
Plants flowering, bisexual or monoecious Habit
herbs, shrubs or vines terrestrial, aquatic, or
semi-epiphytic vining members may be woody
adventitious roots especially evident Leaves
alternate simple to pinnately or palmately lobed
or compound blades with pinnate and reticulate
venation and usually long petiole that is
sheathing to some degree sometimes a bladeless
deciduous sheathing leaf (prophyll) basally
encloses each foliage leaf Inflorescences fleshy
spike, the spadix, surrounded or subtended by a
conspicuous bract called a spathe (reduced in
floating aquatics) Flowers small, actinomorphic,
perfect (imperfect), hypogynous Perianth 0, 4 or
6 tepals distinct or connate Androecium 1-6 (-12)
stamens distinct or connate filaments short or
anthers sessile Gynoecium superior (appears
inferior when sunken into flesh of spadix) 1
pistil with 1- many connate carpels 1-many
locules 1-many ovules/locule, placentation
various stigma sessile Fruit berry (or
occasionally utricle, drupe, or nutlike) Floral
formula T 0 or 4-6 A 4-10 G 2-4
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Liliaceae -- the lily family (sensu stricto)
(22/485 Mostly Northern Hemisphere, greatest
diversity in Southeast Asia)
Lilianae I
Plants flowering, bisexual Habit herbs
sometimes with bulbs or rhizomes Leaves
alternate, whorled or all basal (opposite)
simple usually with sheathing bases, sometimes
succulent or reduced to scales parallel
venation Inflorescences various, but are borne
terminally Flowers actinomorphic to slightly
zygomorphic, perfect, hypogynous, hypanthium
sometimes present, showy Perianth 6 tepals,
often petaloid Androecium 6 stamens distinct
free or adnate to hypanthium anthers dorsifixed
and versatile or basifixed Gynoecium superior 1
pistil with 3 connate carpels 3 locules 1-many
ovules/locule, axile placentation 1 simple
style and 3-lobed stigma or 3-branched style with
stigmas on style branches Fruit capsule or
berry Floral formula T 6 A 6 G 3
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Trilliaceae -- the trillium family (1/50 mostly
Northern Hemisphere)
Lilianae I
Plants flowering, bisexual Habit rhizomatous
herbs Leaves whorled (and usually the same number
as the sepals) simple, entire, sessile with
palmate venation, with primary veins converging,
secondary veins pinnate, and higher-order veins
forming a distinct reticulum Inflorescences
single, terminal flower Flowers actinomorphic,
perfect, hypogynous Perianth distinct calyx and
corolla, sepals and petals 3 or 4 Androecium 6
(or 8) stamens, distinct Gynoecium superior 1
pistil with 3-10 connate carpels ovules numerous
in each locule, axile placentation 3
stigmas Fruit fleshy capsule or berry seeds
arillate (not black) Floral formula Ca 3-6 Co
3-6 A 6-16 G 3-8
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Dioscoreaceae -- the yam family (5/600
cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical
regions, esp. in America)
Lilianae II
Plants flowering, dioecious or synoecious
sometimes have bulbils in leaf axils Habit herbs,
vines with tubers or thick rhizomes Members are
mostly vines with alternate (rarely opposite)
leaves. Leaves alternate, simple, entire,
palmately veined with reticulate venation, often
with cordate base, petiole with a pulvinus
(swollen area) at both ends Inflorescences
racemes, spikes, panicules of cymes borne in the
axil of leaves Flowers actinomorphic, usually
imperfect, epigynous, small and
inconspicuous Perianth 6 tepals, petaloid to
sepaloid distinct or basally connate rotate or
campanulate Androecium 6 stamens, 3 sometimes
reduced to staminodes or absent distinct adnate
to perianth (epipetalous) Gynoecium inferior 1
pistil of 3 connate carpels 3 locules 2
ovules/locule, axile placentation 3 styles and
3 stigmas Fruit capsule, berry or samara and in
Dioscorea it is typically three winged Floral
formula T 6 A 3-6 G 3
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Dioscoreaceae -- comments
Lilianae II
Vegetatively this family can look like a dicot,
for example Aristolochiaceae or Menispermaceae!
How would you tell the family from
Aristolochiaceae? The yam and several medicinals
come from Dioscorea.
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Smilacaceae -- the catbrier family (2/317
tropical and temperate)
beta family
Plants flowering, dioecious Habit vines,
climbing by tendrils arising from petioles, or
erect herbs Leaves alternate, simple, entire to
spinose serrate, petiolate with palmate venation,
with primary veins converging, secondary veins
pinnate, and higher-order veins forming a
distinct reticulum Inflorescences determinate,
umbellate, terminal or axillary Flowers
unisexual, actinomorphic, inconspicuous Perianth
6 tepals, distinct to slightly connate Androecium
6 stamens, distinct, anthers unilocular Gynoecium
superior 1 pistil with 3connate carpels ovules
1-2 per locule, axile placentation 3
stigmas Fruit 1-3 seeded berry