Photo: AIS archive. 13. IBM 360. Was introduced by the team led by Michael Flynn in 1966. ... units were processor storage, storage bus control, instruction ...
Tomasulo's Approach. Recall the scoreboard would allow us to bypass stalls from ... The reservation station stores 6 items: the operation to be performed (Op) ...
Allow execution as soon as operands are available to avoid RAW hazards ... A dynamic scheduling scheme, in which hardware reschedules instruction execution ...
Tomasulo without Re-order Buffer 4 F0 SD F0, Y Tag Value 3 MUL F0, F3, F4 F1 Tag Value 2 SD F0, X 1 MUL F0, F1, F2 F2 Tag Value Issue F3 Tag Value Opcode Operand ...
Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) in SW or HW. Loop level parallelism is easiest to see. SW parallelism dependencies defined for program, hazards if HW cannot ...
Instruction results are passed directly to the FU from rs rather than from registers ... Qi Indicates which functional unit will write each register, if one exists. ...
Register Renaming through Tomasulo's Algorithm and Remap Tables ... Works when can't know dependence at compile time. Code for one machine runs well on another ...
Assume Multiply takes 4 clocks ... If we speculate and are wrong, need to back up and restart execution to point at ... result is put into register ...
Dynamic instruction scheduling. Key idea: allow subsequent ... Common Data Bus: data source (snooping) Tomasulo example, cycle 0. Tomasulo example, cycle 1 ...
Data copied immediately (through register bus) into reservation station. Tag field of RS set to 0 ... Tomasulo Example Cycle 0. System is quiescent. 11 ...
Structure of Computer Systems Course 5 The Central Processing Unit - CPU Solutions for hazard cases Scoreboard method Tomasulo s method Branch prediction Scoreboard ...
... VLIW Software Pipelining ILP: Concepts and Challenges ILP ... (Tomasulo) IBM PowerPC, Sun UltraSparc, DEC Alpha, HP 8000 (Very) Long Instruction Words (V) ...
Scoreboard and Tomasulo stop issuing instructions when a branch is encountered ... PowerPC, SPARC have conditional move; PA-RISC can annul any following instr. ...
Control and buffers distributed with Function Units versus centralized in ... Registers in instructions replaced by pointers to reservation station buffer ...
Exceptional control flow comes in three flavors: Exceptions - relevant to current process. Interrupts - caused by external events. Machine checks - Extreme situations ...
Exceptional control flow comes in three flavors: Exceptions - relevant to ... Such exceptional flow can also be classified as synchronous or asynchronous ...
Recall from Pipelining Review Pipeline CPI = Ideal pipeline CPI + Structural Stalls + Data Hazard Stalls + Control Stalls Ideal pipeline CPI: measure of the maximum ...
Title: EECS 252 Graduate Computer Architecture Lec 01 - Introduction Last modified by: SU KIM Created Date: 1/12/2005 3:15:41 PM Document presentation format
If the reservation station is free (no structural hazard) ... file completely detached from computation. First and Second iteration completely overlapped ...
If we have a 4-cycle latency, then we need 3 instructions between a ... Complex Scans and Reductions' by Allan Fisher and Anwar Ghuloum (handed out next week) ...
Techniques that increase amount of parallelism. exploited among instructions ... The Orginal'register renaming' 12. LaCASA. Definition: Control Dependencies ...
Determine that loads and stores from different iterations are independent ... Performance is based on a function of accuracy and cost of misprediction ...
branches make flow dynamic, determine which instruction is supplier of data. Example: ... instructions can go past branches, allowing. FP ops beyond basic ...
Title: Growth Networks Inc - An Overview Author: Karen Yancik 314-995-6140 Last modified by: perry Created Date: 1/23/1998 5:03:10 PM Document presentation format
Missing the boat on loops. 1 Loop: LD F0,0(R1) 2 stall. 3 ADDD F4,F0,F2. 4 ... Registers in instructions replaced by values or pointers to reservation stations ...
Instructions execute whenever not dependent on previous instructions and no hazards. ... WAR Hazard is now gone... CS252/Kubiatowicz. Lec 6.38. 9/17/03 ...
... some sort of queue or buffer to hold instructions till their ... In load and store buffers (combined in RS): A : hold effective address for load and store. ...