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Title: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgELv4aNHjQ
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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vtgELv4aNHjQ
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- In 1819, there were 11 free states and 11 slave
states. Representation in the Senate was evenly
balanced between the North and the South. - Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave
state. That would give the South a majority in
the Senate.
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- Missouri Compromise
- Henry Clay proposed the Missouri Compromise.
- Missouri would join the Union as a slave state.
- Maine would join the Union as a free state.
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Missouri Compromise
- Congress drew an imaginary line across the
southern border of Missouri at latitude 36º30N.
Slavery would be permitted in the Louisiana
Purchase south of that line.
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Issue of Slavery in the West
- Problem
- Result of the Mexican War, US acquired a vast
amount of land. - Missouri Compromise applied only to the LA
Purchase, not the new western lands.
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Arguments - Issue of Slavery in the West
- North
- Congressman David Wilmot (PA) called for a law to
ban slavery in any territories won from Mexico.
(Wilmot Proviso)
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Arguments - Issue of Slavery in the West
- South
- Southern leaders said Congress had no right to
ban slavery in the West
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The Outcome
- House passed the Wilmot Proviso, but the Senate
defeated it. The argument continued.
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- Opposing Views
- Abolitionists - Slavery should be banned
throughout country morally wrong. - Southern Slaveholders - Slavery should be allowed
in any territory. Slaves who escape to the North
should be returned.
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- Other Viewpoint - Moderates
- Idea of Popular Sovereignty - right of people to
create their government - Voters in a new territory would decide for
themselves whether or not to allow slavery.
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- ?Many northern Democrats Whigs opposed the
spread of slavery, but leaders of both parties
refused to take a stand. - Antislavery members of both parties met founded
Free- Soil Party (a new political party)
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Free-Soil Party - main goal was to keep slavery
from spreading to the western territories.
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- Presidential Election of 1848
- Free-Soilers - Van Buren ban on slavery in land
gained from Mexican War - Democrats - Cass (Michigan) supported popular
sovereignty - Whigs-Taylor-LA slaveowner
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- Winner of 1848 Presidential Election- Taylor
- Even Congress contained 13 Free-Soilers
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- Slavery Debate..
- 1849 - 15 slave states and 15 free states.
- CA enter as a free state - North would have a
majority in Senate. South fear territories
Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico enter as free
territories/states
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- Southerners worried would be outvoted in Senate
- Southern States possibility secede or leave the
US (Union)
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Opposing Views
- Clay - North and South reach an agreement and if
they did not - nation could break apart. - Calhoun - Refused to compromise - slavery should
be allowed in the western territories
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- Calhoun Continued
- fugitive slaves be returned to their owners,
warned if the North did not agree South would
secede - Webster - slavery evil but the breakup of US
worse - warned against civil war
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Compromise of 1850
- Admits CA as a free state
- Territories of New Mexico Utah voters decide
slavery question by popular sovereignty - Bans slave trade in Washington, DC (not slavery)
- Fugitive Slave Act
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- Compromise Continued
- Settles Texas/New Mexico border dispute - (Texas
gave up land in eastern New Mexico and in return
US assumed payment of their debts)
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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
- Citizens must help catch runaway slaves.
- Let fugitives escape - fined 1,000 jailed.
- Special courts handle cases of runaways. No jury
trials. Judges receive 10 for sending a runaway
to the South and 5 for setting someone free.
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- Response-Fugitive Slave Act
- Some judges sent African Americans to the South
to receive extra money. - Act enraged antislavery Northerners - made them
feel as if they were part of the slave system.
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Uncle Toms Cabin
- Harriet Beecher Stowe - shows evils of slavery
the injustice of Fugitive Slave Act. - Uncle Tom - enslaved African American noted for
his kindness.
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Uncle Toms Cabin Continued..
- Tom is bought by the brutal Simon Legree
- When Tom refuses to reveal the location of two
runaways, Legree whips him to death.
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Reaction to Uncle Toms Cabin
- Northerners now saw slavery as a moral problem
facing every American. - Southerners claimed that the book did not give a
true picture of a slaves life.
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Leading up to Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Compromise of 1850 dealt w/ Mexican Cession (CA
New Mexico Territory, Utah Territory) - Did not deal with land that was part of the LA
Purchase (Missouri Compromise of 1820)
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- http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNPrGU5rJQEc
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Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854
- Senator Douglas - IL proposed setting up a
government for Nebraska Territory by dividing it
into 2 territories - Kansas and Nebraska(part of
LA Purchase) - Settlers in each territory decide issue of
slavery by popular sovereignty
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Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Southerners hoped slave owners from MO would move
into Kansas and make it a slave state - Northerners - MO Compromise already banned
slavery in Kansas and Nebraska
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Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Kansas-Nebraska Act would overturn/repeal
Missouri Compromise - Slavery could now spread to areas that were free
for over 30 years - Some challenged Fugitive Slave Act
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Kansas consisted of
- Abolitionists brought over 1,000 settlers from
New England - Proslavery settlers also came
- Proslavery groups from MO rode across border -
Border Ruffians - fought with antislavery groups
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Two Governments
- 1855 Kansas held elections for governor and
legislature - Border Ruffians voted illegally and helped elect
proslavery legislature- passed laws to support
slavery - Antislavery settlers refused to accept new laws
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Two Governments Continued
- Antislavery settlers elected own governor and
legislature - Two governments resulted in chaos
- Armed gangs roamed the territory
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Bleeding Kansas
- Proslavery men raided town of Lawrence - (founded
by abolitionists) destroyed homes and smashed
press of Free-Soil newspaper - 1856 - John Brown - abolitionist - and other men attack
town of Pottawatomie Creek - murder 5 proslavery
settlers at night
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Bleeding Kansas
- Both sides engaged in guerrilla warfare - hit and
run tactics - Late 1856 over 200 people killed
- Newspapers started calling the territory
Bleeding Kansas
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Dred Scott Case
- Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri
- He moved with his owner to Illinois and Wisconsin
Territory - slavery not allowed - Scott returned to MO with his owner who then died
- Antislavery lawyers helped Scott file a lawsuit
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Dred Scott Case
- Scotts lawyers argued that since he lived in a
free state/territory, he became a free man - 1857 - Supreme Court decided - Scott could not
file a lawsuit b/c a slave was not a citizen
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Dred Scott Case Continued
- Slaves considered property - (5th Amendment -
cannot have property taken away w/o applying the
law) - Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery
in any territory
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Dred Scott Case Continued
- MO Compromise - unconstitutional b/c denies
people right to their property
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Reaction to Dred Scott Case
- Slave owners - slavery now legal in all
territories - African Americans - condemned ruling - held
public meetings - Northerners hoped that slavery would eventually
die out if restricted to the South
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Reaction to Dred Scott Case
- Northerners worried now slavery could spread to
the West
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