Designing P3Systems using ESM'

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Title: Designing P3Systems using ESM'

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Designing P3-Systems using ESM.

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Outline

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Experience Sampling MethodBackground

(ESM) a.k.a. ecological momentary assessment
(EMA)
Primarily used for time-use studies and
preventive medicine measurement studies.
Subjects are asked to carry a beeper device that
signals on a time-based protocol determined by
the researcher.
Each time the beeper activates, subjects fill out
a survey that typically includes questions asking
what the subject was doing and how the subject
was feeling at the time of the alarm.
Source http//web.media.mit.edu/intille/caes/

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Four characteristics of traditional ESM/EMA
methods 1.

Assess phenomena at the moment they occur
Usually involve a substantial number of repeated
observations
Made in the environments that subjects typically
inhabit
Dependent upon careful timing of assessments
Source 1 Stone, A.A., Shiffman, S. Ecological
Momentary Assessment (EMA) in Behavioral
Medicine. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 1994,
16(3) 199-202.

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Standard Sampling Methods.

Using standard methods researchers are limited to
three types of scheduling formats 2
Event-contingent
Time-contingent
Signal-contingent.
Source 2 Wheeler, L., Reis, H.T.
Self-Recording of Everyday Life Events Origins,
Types, and Uses. Journal of Personality. 1991,
59 339-354.

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Context-aware experience sampling.

Improves upon ESM/EMA by using emerging
computational perception and sensing technologies
to automatically detect events that can trigger
sampling and thereby data collection.
Source http//web.media.mit.edu/intille/caes/ca
esindex.htm

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P3-Systems

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Four Factors of P3-Systems

People Properties
Place Properties
People-Place relationships
People-People relationships
Source Jones Q., Grandhi S., Terveen L., and
Whittaker S., (2004). People-To-People-to-Geograph
ical-Places The P3 Framework for Location-Based
Community Systems. Journal of Computer Supported
Cooperative Work. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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P3-System
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Why would we use ESM?

Goal of ESM is to maximize the validity of data
collected by avoiding or minimizing retrospective
recall.
Other types of data collection methods dont help
address Retrospective Recall.
Basic Paper Surveys
Diaries
What did you do last Wednesday?
Where were you on 10/24/05??

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Why would we use ESM? (Cont.)

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The ESM P3 Study

Requirement Analysis to help design P3 System.
i.e. Connecting People to People to Places.
The pattern and places students visit on campus?
Where they would share information and with whom?
Which places are sharing places and which are not?

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ESM P3 Study (Cont.)

Approximately 45-50 students.
Signal contingent method.
Ipaq, wireless devices.
Survey dispatched at different times during the
day for 1 week, using C and wireless
communication to Ipaq.

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ESM P3 Study Survey.

Typical survey questions
Where are you?
Is this place important to you?
Would you share your presence in this location
with anyone?
Would you like to know if your friends,
classmates, professors, etc are in the next
place you are going?

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ESM P3 Study (Cont.)

Collect all data from survey and put into SPSS.
Analyze SPSS data (frequencies and cross
tabulations)
Follow up with each subject for a Semi-Structured
Interview. Helps to explain whats in the ESM
data and whats not.

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ESM Flow
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CampusWiki