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OrganismicPsychoanalytic Model of Infant Developmental Psychopathology
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Organismic/Psychoanalytic Model of Infant Developmental Psychopathology ... attacked and destroyed, but then fear of retaliation (e.g., Stewie on Family Guy) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: OrganismicPsychoanalytic Model of Infant Developmental Psychopathology
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Organismic/Psychoanalytic Model of Infant
Developmental Psychopathology
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- Psychopathology starts with the infant and
develops through the influences - Biological/neurophysiological maturation
- Accidental experiences with caregivers
- Inner forces struggling for gratification
- Sexual drives (Freud)
- Aggressive drives (Klein)
- Opposing forces that prevent immediate
gratification - Censorship (disgust, shame, morality)later,
superego - Environment (reality)
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- Conflicts create anxiety, which produces defense
mechanisms and symptoms - Symptoms in adults and children (e.g.,
transference, thumb-sucking) reflect earlier,
more primitive conflicts from infancy - Caregivers affect development of symptoms in
indirect, oblique ways, mediated by the meaning
attached to it by the infant of young child
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Infantile Sexuality S. Freud
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- Infants experience sexual pleasure through
sucking - Discovered by observing older children and adults
and inferring unconscious recollection of an
earlier pleasure - Desired from and auto-erotic phase of development
in which pleasure was sought from ones own body - Sexual pleasure is mediated through erotogenic
zones - Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
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- Toddlerhoodpleasure through anality
- Release of stool brings pleasure
- Withholding of stool brings pleasure
- Constitute toddlers first gift or attack
- Early childhoodpleasure through masturbation
- Sources of reappearance of sexual activity in
childhood - internal causessexual constitution and
development - external contingencesseduction
- Aptitude for sexual irregularities is innately
present
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- Castration complex and penis envyarising from
childrens sexual research - Girls learn they are looking and want what boys
have - Boys conclude that girls were castrated, and they
are next on the chopping block - Perceptions of parental intercourse
- Symptoms often emerge with re-emergence of sexual
wishes - Transportation produces rocking which reminds one
of infantile sexualityrepression changes
perception of experience - Paralysis of an armpreviously used for
masturbation - Different separating normal from abnormal can
lie only in relative strength of indirect
components of the sexual instinct and in the use
to which they are put in the course of
development (p. 205)
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Infantile Aggression Klein
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- Death instinctaggression impulsesproduces
annihilation anxiety and then persecutory anxiety - Object attacked and destroyed, but then fear of
retaliation (e.g., Stewie on Family Guy) - Real external experiences reinforce these
perceptions - Object also loved and idealized
- Splitting into goodidealizedbreast to protect
against baddangerous and persecutingbreast - Klein called this stage paranoid-subizoid
position (0-4 months)
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- Primitive relationsintend and extendcreated by
projection and introjection - Growing capacity for integration and synthesis
produces the second stage, depressive position
(4-6 months) - Aggression has been directed all along against
loved person (good breast bad breast) - Anxiety and guilt of depressive position add
powerful impetus toward beginning of Oedipal
complex - Transference reveals irrationality of earliest
objectrelations (the patient is bound to deal
with conflicts and anxieties re-experienced
towards the analyst by the same method he used in
the past in infancy (p. 55))
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Infantile Feeding Disturbances A. Freud
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- Three ways feeding becomes open to disturbance
- Organic feeding disturbance
- Nonorganic disturbance of instinctive process (?
intensity of wishes) - Sexualization or aggressivization of function of
feeding - Organic feeding disturbancessevere physical
weakness, exhaustion, strain, convalescence - Disturbance of the Instinctive Process
- Feeding schedules can diminish urge to eat
- Restricting choice can diminish urge to eat
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- Neurotic Feeding Disturbances
- Eating related to stages of object love
- Auto-erotism and narcissism
- Object love
- Altruistic love
- Disturbances produced by ambivalent feelings
toward mother (mothers, though they do not
produce these feeding difficulties in their
children, nevertheless may behave in a manner
which aggravates the pathogenic elements in the
situation (p.126)) - Eating and oral pleasuressucking can interfere
with feeding
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- Eating and anal pleasurerestricting play with
food can interfere with feeding - Eating and aggressioneating inhibitions, refusal
to bite, chew, or swallow food (oral sadism and
resultant guilt and anorexia) - Eating and phallic pleasurefear of oral
impregnation or carrying a child, fear of
growing up and sexually competing with parent of
same sex, penis envy and wanting to bite off penis
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