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JXH2019 Kinesiology
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To describe the osseous structures of the knee joint and ... Aids resistance of excesisve valgus stress. Posterior cruciate ligament. Anterior part of lat. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: JXH2019 Kinesiology
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JXH2019 Kinesiology
- Lecture 4 The knee joint
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Learning outcomes
- To describe the osseous structures of the knee
joint and their articulations - To describe the cartilaginous and ligamentous
structures of the knee - To demonstrate surface anatomy of the knee
- To demonstrate knee joint range of motion
- To understand knee joint stability and sporting
actions that may put the knee at risk of injury
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Bony structures
- Largest joint in the body
- Double condyloid joint (hinge-like)
- Distal femur, proximal tibia and patella are
involved
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Bony structures
- Medial and lateral femoral condyles
- Intercondylar notch
- Patella (trochlea) groove
- Medial and lateral tibial condyles (plateaux)
- Intercondylar eminence/ridge
- Patella
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Knee ligaments
- Collateral
- medial (tibial)
- lateral (fibular)
- Cruciates
- anterior
- posterior
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Anterior cruciate ligament
- Med. surface of lat. Femoral condyle-gt ant. I-C
eminence - Resists excessive ant. movement of tibia on femur
- Prevents hyperext.
- Controls tibia in screw home mechanism
- Aids resistance of excesisve valgus stress
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Posterior cruciate ligament
- Anterior part of lat. aspect of med.fem condyle
-gt IC ridge (behind meniscal attachments) - Prevents excessive posterior displacement of
tibia on femur
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Menisci
- Medial and Lateral
- Lateral circular, mobile, attached to popliteus
- Medial C shaped, less mobile
- Pressure absorbers
- Joint stability
- Lubrication
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Surface Anatomy - Anterior
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Surface Anatomy - Medial
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Surface Anatomy - Lateral
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Surface Anatomy - Posterior
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Movements of the knee
- 135 deg of extension plus 5-10 deg of
hyperextension - 140 deg of flexion
- With knee flexed gt35 deg
- 30 deg int rotation
- 45 deg ext rotation
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Knee stability
- Ligaments provide static stability
- Quads and hamstring contractions provide dynamic
stability - Congruency of the knee joint is provided by
- shape of articular surfaces of tibia and femur
- menisci deepen the tibial fossae
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Phantom Foot / ACL Injury
- Skier falls backwards
- Hips below knees
- Uphill ski unweighted
- Weight on inside edge of downhill ski tail
- Upper body facing downhill ski
- Anterior force on tibia vs
- Body weight moving post. over rigid boot femur
rotates on tibia
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Phantom Foot
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References
- Nicholl J.P., Coleman P., Williams B.T. Injuries
in sport and exercise, Sports Council, 1991. - Kujala U.M., Taimela S., Antti-poika I. Acute
injuries in soccer, ice hockey, volleyball,
basketball, judo and karate an analysis of
national registry data. BMJ 19953111465-8 - Trent, P.S., Walker, P.A., wolf, B. Ligament
length patterns, strength and rotational axes of
the knee joint. Clin Orthop 1976117263-270.
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References
- Andriachhi, T.P., Birac, D. Functional testing
in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee.
Clin Orthop 1993 28840-47 - Fukubayashi, T., Kurosawa, H. The contact area
and pressure distribution pattern of the knee. A
study of normal and osteoarthritic knee joints.
Acta Orthop Scand 198051871-879 - Shoemaker, S., Marklolf, K. Effects of joint
load on the stiffness and laxity of ligament
deficient knees. Journal of Bone and Joint
Surgery 198567A136-146
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