INGEPOWER - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: INGEPOWER


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Session DT1
Verification and modelling of wind power plant
capabilities
PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING AND ASSESSING THE
RESPONSE TO VOLTAGE DIPS Universidad Carlos III
Madrid-Spain
José Luis Rodríguez-Amenedo Santiago Arnalte
Gómez David Santos Martín
Brussels 3 April 2008
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CONTENTS

• Brief history

2. Certification procedure
3. Field testing requirements
4. Models validation
5. Wind farms simulation
6. Conclusions
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Brief History
Legal Framework
1985
Ministry order 1985
- access to the grid and rules for operation for
wind energy
2003
Transient stability study (REE and AEE) -
Maximum admissible wind power in the Iberian
Peninsula 21.000 MW (2011 horizon) depending
of LVRT capability
Operational procedure 12.3 REE (Spanish TSO) -
LVRT requirements for wind power facilities
2006
Royal Decree 661/2007 -Regulation of
Electrical Energy for Special Regime rules,
scheduling and incentives for LVRT capability of
WFs Procedure of Verification, Validation and
Certification (AEE) - of WFs response to
voltage dips according to O.P.12.3 requirements
2007
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Brief History
Ministry order 1985

• Small wind power penetration at that moment
• - Minimum voltage protection at Point of Common
  Coupling
• Instantaneous disconnection of WF when voltage
  drops 85
• In accordance with OM1985 sudden disconnection
  of significant wind
• power in the event of a short-circuit correctly
  cleared
• - Possible stability problems and risk of UCTE
  interconnection loss

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Brief History
Transient stability study 2003

• At the suggestion of REE and with participation
  of
• Portuguese TSO (RNE)
• b) Spanish National Energy Commission (CNE)
• c) Spanish Wind Energy Association (AEE)
  technically advised from ABB
• Conclusions
• a) 21.000 MW of admissible wind power
  production for a 2011 horizon
• for the Spanish grid and 6.000 MW in the case
  of Portugal
• b) These penetration level only in the case
  that 100 of existing WT where
• compliant with P.O.12.3. LVRT requirements

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Brief History
O.P.12.3 LVRT requirements (Voltage Profile)
voltage (p.u.)
voltage profile in the PCC
beginning of fault
1.0
0.95
0.8
3-phase fault
0.6
0.2
Unbalance fault (isolated 2-phase fault)
time (seconds)
0
0.5
1.0
15
duration of fault
fault clearance
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Brief History
O.P.12.3 LVRT requirements (Energy Power
limits)
Zone C
Zone B
Zone A
balance fault
1.0
?Q dt gt - 0.60 Prated150 ms
Q(20ms)gt - 60 Prated
P(20ms)gt - 10 Prated
Ir(20ms)gt- 1.5 Irated
Q(20ms)gt0
P(20ms)gt - 30 Prated
Q(20ms)gt - 40 Prated
?P dt gt - 0.45 Prated100 ms
unbalance fault
?Q dt gt - 0.40 Prated100 ms
150 ms
150 ms
0
time (ms)
500
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Brief History
O.P.12.3 LVRT requirements (Reactive current )
Ireactive/Itotal(p.u)
normal operation
fault and recovery
1.0
0,9
REACTIVE GENERATION
0
voltage (p.u)
0,5
0,85
REACTIVE CONSUMPTION
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Brief History
Royal Decree 661/2007

• NEW FACILITIES
• LVRT requirements fulfillment is mandatory since
  January 1st 2008
• - Failure to comply with this entails loosing
  the bonus in the market option
• OLD FACILITIES
• - Old wind farms registered before January 1st
  2008 must be adjusted to
• LVRT requirements until January 1st 2010.
• An additional complement of 0,38 c/KWh is
  recognized only for old WFs
• for a maximum period of 5 years and before
  January 1st 2014
• - Failure to comply with this entails loosing
  the bonus in the market option

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Certification Procedure
OBJECT AND SCOPE

• Spanish Wind Energy Association in June 2005
  promoted a working group
• for developing a Procedure for Validation,
  Verification and Certification of
• LVRT of wind farms according O.P.12.3
  requirements PVVC-

CONTENTS

• Accreditation and certification procedure
• Voltage dips equipment requirements
• Field test specifications
• Validation model of wind turbines and FACTS
• Measuring method

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Certification Procedure
PROCEDURE PARTS
GRID
PCC
HV
Field Test
CPD
fault at PCC
series
shunt
Validation Model
MV
WT
WF simulation
series
Why to use this complicated procedure?
CPD Custom Power Devices
shunt
CPD
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Certification Procedure
GENERAL PROCEDURE (Field Test)
measurement criteria
Standard WT
FIELD TEST
TEST Accredited report
PARTICULAR PROCEDURE
Process type ?
GENERAL PROCEDURE
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Certification Procedure
GENERAL PROCEDURE (WT model validation)
WT model
Validation criteria
WT Field test
TEST SIMULATION
NO
YES
Fulfill validation ?
Accredited report NEGATIVE
Accredited report POSITIVE
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Certification Procedure
GENERAL PROCEDURE (FACTS or CPD model
validation)
FACTS model
Validation criteria
FACTS test (laboratory)
TEST SIMULATION
NO
YES
Fulfill validation ?
Accredited report NEGATIVE
Accredited report POSITIVE
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Certification Procedure
GENERAL PROCEDURE (Wind Farm simulation)
FACTS accredited report POSITIVE
WT accredited report POSITIVE
Simulation WIND FARM
NO
YES
Fulfill O.P.12.3 requirements?
WF accredited report NEGATIVE
WF Accredited report POSITIVE
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Certification Procedure
PARTICULAR PROCEDURE
measurement criteria
Standard WT
FIELD TEST
NO
YES
Fulfill O.P.12.3 and PVVC requirements ?
WF Accredited report POSITIVE
WF accredited report NEGATIVE
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Certification Procedure
STANDARD WIND TURBINE
ELECTRIC GENERATOR same design specifications
and the same type
ELECTRONIC CONVERTER same hardware and
specifications to support voltage dips.
TRANSFORMER SHORT CIRCUIT VOLTAGE PERCENTAGE
within a range of 20 of the value shown on its
data plate.
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION SYSTEM same
properties and technology and with an assigned
reactive power equal to or greater than that of
the WTG being tested.
RATED POWER within a range of 25 of the value
for the WT being tested
SPECIFIC SOFTWARE for complying with the
continuity of supply and voltage dips
requirements, including protections and control,
and certified by the manufacturer.
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Certification Procedure
STANDARD WIND FARM
SHORT CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE Zk Including all
transformers and lines between the medium
voltage side of the wind farm and the point of
connection to the grid. Tolerance ?20
TRANSFORMER CONNECTION AND NEUTRAL POINT REGIME
must be the same
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION SYSTEM same
properties and technology and with an assigned
reactive power equal to or greater than that of
the WTG being tested.
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Field testing requirements
TEST EQUIPMENT
VOLTAGE DIVIDER
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Field testing requirements
TEST CATEGORIES
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Field testing requirements
TEST VALIDITY
The field test will be accepted as valid when
each of the four test categories described above
meet the following

• 3 consecutives tests at each category without WT
  disconnection
• Operation point previous to the test according
  to partial or full load specifications
• Residual voltage level during no-load test in
  accordance with next table

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Model Validation
Methodology of Numeric Model Validation
design of the model
synchronization of time series and matching the
phase
simulated voltage dip
comparison V, I, P,Q, and computes the
percentile
measured voltage dip
software for comparison
If errors are within a tolerable range (lt10)
model is validated
NOK
result
OK
model validation
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Model Validation
3 Phase Fault at rated power
Voltage synchronization. Start of fault
Voltage synchronization. End of fault
Phase A Voltages ( blue measured, red simulated)
Phase A Currents ( blue measured, red simulated)
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Model Validation
RMS voltage during dip (measured and simulated)
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Model Validation
Validation procedure according O.P.12.3
Good level of accuracy in model can be achieved
using real field test recorders for all wind
turbine technology
Some Spanish companies are accredited by ENAC
(Spanish Accreditation Body) to follow
completely this procedure according the PVVC and
O.P. 12.3
General procedure and Validation model have been
set in motion from year 2008
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Wind Farm Simulation
Electric system topology
PCC
MV
LV
AT
G
ELECTRICAL GRID
FACTS
fault 2f fault 3f
WIND FARM
WT aggregation is considered
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Wind Farm Simulation
Dynamic Electrical Grid Proposal from Spanish
TSO (REE) Motivation To reproduce the
particular fault clearance in the
Spanish Power Systems
UCTE bus
PCC
Z1
Z2
WF
SG1
Sk jk Un Pn
T2
T1
Xf
SG2
LOAD
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Conclusions
O.P.12.3 is one of the most exigent grid codes in
the world as regard of requirements for exchange
energy and power and unbalance faults. All these
requirements are specified at the point of common
coupling
Wind Energy penetration in the Spanish Power
Systems for the future depends on the adaptation
of most than 75 of existing wind farms for LVRT
requirements
Wind energy sector together with Spanish TSO and
coordinated from AEE have developed the PVVC
which includes some interesting contribution as
regards numerical model validation of WT and
FACTS, simulation of WFs
At present a Certification Procedure operates
successfully with more than 3.000 MW accredited
for LVRT requirements
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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