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Title: CSCI6964ECSE6780: Software Engineering II

1
CSCI-6964/ECSE-6780Software Engineering II

Class Mondays and Thursdays 4-520 pm, SAGE 2112
Instructor Ana Milanova
Email milanova_at_cs.rpi.edu
Office Lally Hall 314
Phone 518-276-6887
Office hours Thursdays 1-3pm, or by appointment
Web www.cs.rpi.edu/milanova/csci6964/
Syllabus www.cs.rpi.edu/milanova/csci6964/syllab
us.html

2
What is Software Engineering II?

Catalog Current techniques in software
engineering with topics selected from economics,
reusability, reliable software, program analysis,
reverse engineering, CASE tools, automatic code
generation, and project management techniques.
Our focus Program analysis and its applications
to software engineering, especially towards
building techniques and tools for finding
software errors early

3
Program Analysis

Program analysis is a technique that reasons
about the run-time behavior of the program
Static program analysis reasoning is done
statically, before program execution
Dynamic program analysis reasoning is done
dynamically, during program execution
We will focus on static program analysis
Traditional application compiler optimization
Emerging application software engineering
tools, especially tools for finding errors early

4
Finding Errors (Bugs) Early?

Development
Requirements Analysis
Domain Analysis
Design
Implementation
Testing/Validation
Maintenance
Enhancements
Bug fixes
Etc.

Only about 5 to 10 of cost!
DEPLOYMENT/RELEASE
90 to 95 of cost!
5
Economic Impact

National Institute of Standards and Technology
study
On CNN.com April 27th, 2003
Last year, a study commissioned by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology found that
software errors cost the U.S. economy 59.5
billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the
gross domestic product. More than half the costs
are borne by software users, the rest by
developers and vendors.

6
Beyond Dollar Costs

Software Engineering Report on a Conference
Sponsored by the NATO Science Committee,
Brussels, NATO Scientific Affairs Division,
1968, p. 121
An error in an aircraft design program
contributed to several serious air crashes
Software and its Impact A Quantitative
Assessment, by B.W. Boehm, Datamation, 19(5),
48-59 (1973)
Errors in medical software have caused deaths

7
Expectations

Cant we expect software to execute correctly?
Carefully made programs
5 faults/1000 LOC
5000 faults/1M LOC
Windows XP has about 45M LOC
45 x 5000 225,000

8
Goals of the Course

Learn about state-of-the art techniques in
testing and validation
Software testing --- systematic execution of the
software
Learn/review fundamentals of testing
Static program analysis --- track flow of control
and flow of data without execution of the
software
Learn some theory of program analysis, learn
about applications of program analysis towards
testing and validation
Traditional static program analysis (data-flow
analysis)
Formal static program analysis (model checking)

9
Syllabus

Course Material
Traditional Static Program Analysis --- less
powerful, but can be applied on large systems
(millions LOC)
Fundamentals of Software Testing
Formal Static Program Analysis --- more powerful,
but can be applied only on relatively small codes
(1-2K LOC)
Expected Work
Project (50)
Midterm (20)
Homework (15)
Presentation of a research paper (15)
Textbooks

10
Prerequisites

Good to have an SDD/Software Engineering I
Java
Helpful to know, but other OO programming will
work too
You will need a UNIX account on the CS system for
the class project
Let me know if you dont have one

11
Testing Decades of Experience
Test Case
Executes the software.
Test case Generation(can be automated)
Software Under Test
Output
Good Coverage?
No
Validation(can be automated)
Yes
12
Limitations of testing

Not enough!
Kinds of bugs difficult to reveal with testing
Memory/type-safety bugs (C/C)
Buffer overflows
Memory leaks
Null pointer dereferences
Concurrency related bugs
Data races
Deadlocks
And many more

13
Static Program Analysis Recent Experience
StaticAnalysis Tool
Software Under Check
Specification --- what bugs to look
for?(optional)
Examines the source code,without execution.
Warnings
Examine warningsand fix bugs
14
A Growing Area

Microsoft substantial investment in static
analysis tools for C/C with good results
IBM less, mostly in the J2EE area (some tools
are available through the Eclipse project).
NASA and the US Navy
Numerous successful companies with hundreds, even
thousands of clients

15
Our class, once again Techniques and tools for
finding bugs early

Traditional static analysis (data-flow analysis)
Learn theory, applications and tools.
Fundamentals of software testing
Learn/review
Formal static analysis (model checking)
Learn theory, applications and tools.

16
Some Notable Software Bugs

A collection of notable software bugs
Thanks to Atif Memon, University of Maryland

17
Mars Climate Orbiter

Purpose to relay signals from the Mars Polar
Lander once it reached the surface
Disaster smashed into the planet instead of
reaching a safe orbit
Why Software bug failure to convert English
measures to metric values
165M

18
Shooting Down of Airbus 300

1988
USS Vincennes shot down an Airbus 300
Mistook the Airbus 300 for an F-14
290 people dead
Why Software bug --- cryptic and misleading
output displayed by the tracking software

19
THERAC-25 Radiation Therapy

THERAC-25, a computer controlled
radiation-therapy machine
1986 two cancer patients at the East Texas
Cancer Center in Tyler received fatal radiation
overdoses
Why Software bug --- a race condition (i.e.,
miscoordination between concurrent tasks)

20
London Ambulance Service

London Ambulance Service Computer Aided Dispatch
(LASCAD)
Purpose automate many of the human-intensive
processes of manual dispatch associated with
ambulance service
Functions Call tracking
Failure of the London Ambulance Service on 26 and
27 November 1992

21
Nice of You to Turn Up

Load increased
Emergencies accumulated
System made incorrect allocations
More than one ambulance being sent to the same
incident
The closest vehicle was not chosen for the
emergency
At 2300 on November 28 the LAS eventually went
to a back-up procedure after at least 20 patients
die

22
More

The development of software for
ballistic-missile defense, by H. Lin, Scientific
American, vol. 253, no. 6 (Dec. 1995), p. 48
An Air New Zealand airliner crashed into an
Antarctic mountain
North American Aerospace Defense Command reported
that the US was under missile attack traced to
faulty computer software that generated incorrect
signals
Manned space capsule Gemini V missed its landing
point by 100 miles

23
More

Ghost in the Machine, Time Magazine, Jan. 29,
1990. p. 58
Dallas/Fort Worth air-traffic system began
spitting out gibberish in the Fall of 1989 and
controllers had to track planes on paper
Software Reliability Principles and Practice, p.
25, by G. J. Myers
Apollo 8 spacecraft erased part of the computers
memory
Eighteen errors were detected during the 10-day
flight of Apollo 14

24
More

An error in a single FORTRAN statement resulted
in the loss of the first American probe to Venus
An Airbus 320 crashes at an air show
A China Airlines Airbus A300 crashes on April 26,
1994 killing 264
Ariane 5 satellite launcher malfunction was
caused by a faulty software exception routine

25
More

CNN.com
A poorly programmed ground-based warning system
was partly responsible for the 1997 Korean Air
crash in Guam that killed 228 people
Faulty software in anti-lock brakes forced the
recall of 39,000 trucks and tractors and 6,000
school buses in 2000
AND MANY MORE OF COURSE

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