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Title: http:www'youtube'comwatchvteMlv3ripSM
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- http//www.youtube.com/watch?vteMlv3ripSM
- an argument is a collective series of statements
to establish a definite propositionan
intellectual process (Chapman and Cleese)
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Small Group Response
- How is the Death essay flawed in terms of
argument?
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Logical Fallacies
- Whats wrong with these statements?
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What is a logical fallacy?
- A statement that may sound reasonable or
superficially true but is actually flawed or
dishonest
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- Why dont the following statements work in
arguments? (Respond in writing as a group
youll need a note-taker and speaker to share
your groups discussion) - Television cant be harmful to children because
it occupies their attention for hours and thus
keeps them off the streets (Engel 167).
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- Marijuana cant be all that bad. Everyone knows
about barroom brawls, but marijuana makes people
peaceful (Engel 171).
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- California obstetrician William Waddill stood
trial in 1978 and again in 1979 for allegedly
strangling a baby girl delivered alive after he
performed a saline abortion on Mary Weaver, age
eighteen. Waddill admitted that the
thirty-one-week-old fetus was struggling for
breath, but claimed that they were dying gasps
and that no doctor walking on the face of the
earth could have resuscitated that baby (News
item) (Engel 173).
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The Red Herring
- Topic A is under discussion. Topic B is
introduced under the guise of being relevant to
topic A (when topic B is actually not relevant to
topic A). Topic A is abandoned.
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- Shakespeare cannot have been a great writer, for
he did not even make up his own plots (Engel
132).
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- Doctors are all alike. They really dont know
any more than you or I do. This is the third
case of faulty diagnosis Ive heard of in the
last month (Engel 132).
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- Let me warn you that you will find in the world
a few scoffers who will laugh at you and attempt
to do you injury. They will tell you that John
D. Rockefeller was a thief and that Henry Ford
and other great men are also thieves. Do not
believe them. The story of Rockefeller and of
Ford is the story of every great American, and
you should strive to make it your story. Like
them, you were born poor and on a farm. Like
them, by honesty and industry, you cannot fail to
succeed (Nathaniel West, A Cool Million) (Engel
133).
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Hasty Generalization
- The scope of evidence is too small to support the
conclusion.
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- We ought to be guided by the decision of our
ancestors, for old age is wiser than youth
(Engel 108). - The end of a thing is its perfection death is
the end of life death is, therefore, the
perfection of life (Engel 108).
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- If Americans can be divorced for
incompatibility, I cannot conceive why they are
not all divorced. I have known many happy
marriages, but never a compatible one. For a man
and a woman, as such, are incompatible (G. K.
Chesterton) (Engel 109).
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Equivocation
- Changing definitions half-way through the
discussion
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- Haste makes waste, because hurried activity is
always careless activity (Engel 147). - You can tell that Frank is a disreputable person
by the character of his associates, because
people who go around with somebody like Frank are
the lowest type (Engel 171).
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- Comedian W.C. Fields said he knew a sure cure
for insomnia a good rest (Engel 148). - The new bell in the chapel is louder than the
old one. The old one didnt make nearly as much
noise (Engel 147).
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Circular Reasoning
- The argument relies on a premise that says the
same thing as the conclusion.
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- Im surprised at you. A person of your culture
and upbringing defending those hoodlums!
(Engel 147). - The deplorable deterioration of governmental
efficiency one find here is a direct cause of a
widespread indifference (Engel 171).
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- On November 5, three of the accused met at the
house of the fourth defendant, Smith. There,
behind locked doors and heavily curtained
windows, these four conspirators began to hatch
their dastardly plot (Engel 148).
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Loaded Language
- A word or phrase is loaded when it has a
secondary, evaluative meaning in addition to its
primary, descriptive meaning.
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