Etiology of drug abuseaddiction

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Etiology of drug abuseaddiction

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Explore the theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of substance abuse ... Substance abuse results from the interaction of predisposing factors, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Etiology of drug abuseaddiction

1
SW24D Drugs Society

Etiology of drug abuse/addiction

2
Aim of the session

Explore the theories that attempt to explain the
phenomenon of substance abuse

3
Contemporary/Current perspectives

Genetic
Systems
Behavioral
Sociocultural
Biopsychosocial theories

4
Genetic Theories

Biologically inherited
Heredity or environmental???
Based on a medical model of addiction

5
Genetic Theory

Theories leaning towards biological inherited
reasons for development of addiction/substance
abuse
Intergenerational studies
Twin studies,
Adoption studies

6
Genetic Theory

Findings though not establishing a definite cause
of alcoholism demonstrates statistically a strong
association between genetic factors and alcohol
abuse

7
Genetic theory

(1) alcoholism occur more frequently in some
families than in others
(2) concurrent alcoholism rates are higher in
monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins

8
Genetic theory

(3) animal strains can be bred which have a
preference for alcohol
(4) adopted children closely resemble their
biological parents than adoptive parents in their
use of alcohol

9
Systems theory

Interactions with others, notably the family of
origin is the basis for intergenerational
transmission of substance abuse

10
Systems theory

Considers the family and larger social system for
clues to the development of substance abuse
Treats the family system as the patient, changing
its structure or interactions as part of the
recovery process

11
Systems theory

Assumes the families change in the presence of a
substance abuser. These changes can actually
support the substance abuser
Substance abuse can be a symptom of a larger
malfunction within the family

12
Systems theory

Considers family characteristics such as family
member roles, boundaries and developmental stages
when evaluating malfunctions of the family system

13
Systems theory

Larger social systems
Assessment of client takes into account micro,
mezzo and macro systems within the clients
social environment

14
Biopsychosocial theory

Substance abuse results from the interaction of
predisposing factors, sociological and
psychological factors

15
Biopsychosocial theory

Substance abusers are seen with the larger
context encompassing all know influences for
development of substance abuse

16
Sociocultural theories

Multiple social pressures, such as unemployment,
single-parent families and poverty foster the
development of substance abuse
Societal attitudes toward alcohol and drugs
contribute to their use or non-use

17
Sociocultural theories

Cultural factors, social pressures and
environmental conditions foster the development
of substance abuse and addictions.

18
Sociocultural theories

Family and peer attitudes toward substances
influence their usage

19
Behavioral theory

Addictive behavior is maintained by reinforcement
i.e. the rewarding aspects of drug consumption
and the social setting.
Reinforcement Behavior formation and maintenance

20
Behavioral theory

Faulty learning patterns and trying to reduce
stress is major component in the establishment
and continuation of substance abuse

21
Behavioral theory

Addictive behaviors are formed
(1) the more rewarding or positive the
experience, the greater the likelihood the
behavior leading to the experience will be
repeated
(MacKay, Donovan Marlatt, 1991)

22
Behavioral theory

(2) The greater the frequency of obtaining
positive experiences through drug consumption the
more likely that the drugs will be consumed again
(MacKay, Donovan Marlatt, 1991)

23
Behavioral theory

(3) the more closely in time the behavior (drug
consumption) and the consequences of the behavior
are experienced the more likely the behavior will
be repeated (Childress, Ehrman, Rohsenow et al,
1992) Conversely, the further

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