CAROL%20GILLIGAN - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CAROL%20GILLIGAN
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CAROL GILLIGAN 1936 - present PIONEER OF GENDER STUDIES Worked with Erik Erikson Did research with Lawrence Kohlberg Criticized Kohlberg s Theory of Moral ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: CAROL%20GILLIGAN
1
CAROL GILLIGAN
- 1936 - present
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PIONEER OF GENDER STUDIES
- Worked with Erik Erikson
- Did research with Lawrence Kohlberg
- Criticized Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development
- Famous for her work in psychological and moral
development of girls - Taught at Harvard for 30 years was first
professor of gender studies there
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Model Intervention Prevention Projects
- Strengthening Healthy Resistance Courage in
Girls Programs - Women Teaching Girls/Girls teaching Women
Retreats - In Our Own Voices Workshops
- Harvard Project on Womens Psychology Girls
Development
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MORALITY AND GENDER
- Male approach is that individuals have basic
rights and one must respect the rights of others - Morality imposes restrictions on what once can do
- Justice orientation
- Female approach is that people have
responsibilities towards others - Morality is an imperative to care for others
- Responsibility orientation
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STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
- Selfish Stage
- Belief in Conventional Morality
- 3. Post-Conventional Stage
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MORE ABOUT STAGES
- Young girls start out with a selfish orientation
then learn to care for others - Women learn that it is wrong to act in their own
interests others interests are more important - Learn that it is just as wrong to ignore their
own interests as it is to ignore others
interests learn this through connecting with
others
7
In a Different Voice
- Classic groundbreaking work
- Women are different from men should not be
studied with the same criteria - Criticized Freud Kohlberg
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THE IMPORTANCE OF VOICE
- To have a voice is to be human. To have something
to say is to be a person. But speaking depends on
listening and being heard it is an intensely
relational act. By voice I mean something like
what people mean when they speak of the core of
the self. Voice is natural and also cultural. It
is composed of breath and sound, words, rhythm,
and language. and voice is a powerful
psychological instrument and channel, connecting
inner and outer worlds. (p. xvi)
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QUOTES
- The elusive mystery of women's development lies
in its recognition of the continuing importance
of attachment in the human life cycle. (p. 23) - As we have listened for centuries to the voices
of men and the theories of development that their
experience informs, so we have come more recently
to notice not only the silence of women but the
difficulty in hearing what they say when they
speak. Yet in the different voice of women lies
the truth of an ethic of care, the tie between
relationship and responsibility, and the origins
of aggression in the failure of connection. (p.
174)
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ANOTHER QUOTE
- Joining this understanding of women's
psychological development with theories of human
development which turn out to be theories about
men, I have arrived at the following working
theory that the relational crisis which men
typically experience in early childhood occurs
for women in adolescence, that this relational
crisis in boys and girls involves a disconnection
from women which is essential to the perpetuation
of patriarchal societies, and that women's
psychological development is potentially
revolutionary not only because of women's
situation but also because of girls' resistance.
(p. xxiii)
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