What works to make you feel it

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What works to make you feel its like the real
thing?
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- The Origin of Empathytheoretical part-
Iconicity and Abstractionwhat kind of
information, in what form- Immersion how much
information- Pictures vs. Text
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The Origin of Empathy

• Robert Vischer (1873) Einfühlung (in relation
  to art)
• Theodor Lipps (1903) Einfühlung (interpersonal
  understanding)
• Titchener (1908) translation to empathy
• Marc Jeannerod (March 2005)
• The concept of empathy implies that individuals
  involved in a given interaction share a similar
  mental state. Empathy requires that one has
  information on the experience and intentions of
  the person who is observed and whose mental
  content one is attempting to understand.

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The Origin of Empathy

• Carol Toris (1994)
• Empathy remains a concept whose definition lacks
  consensus.
• Empathy as a decoding process focus on the
  recipient of a communicated message (thing)
• cognitive (perception, understanding) gt empathy
• affective (emotional reactions) gt sympathy
• Wispe (1986)
• Briefly, sympathy refers to the heightened
  awareness of another's plight as something to be
  alleviated. Empathy refers to the attempt of one
  self-aware self to understand the subjective
  experiences of another self. Sympathy is a way of
  relating. Empathy is a way of knowing (p. 314).

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The Origin of Empathy

• Empathy as a encoding process focus on the
  creation of the message by a sender (thing)
• Truax and Carkhuff (1967)
• "Accurate empathy involves both the therapist's
  sensitivity to current feelings and his verbal
  facility to communicate this understanding in a
  language attuned to the client's current
  feelings" (p. 46).
• Empathy as an interactive process communicative
  framework (thing)
• Hogan (1975)
• The empathetic actor (the encoder), and the
  empathetic audience person, (the decoder)." (p.
  15).

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The Origin of Empathy

• A negotiation model of empathy a process of
  successful negotiation of communicative goals and
  needs (process).
• Carol Toris (1994)
• Empathy exists neither in the head of the sender
  nor the receiver, but in the emerging interaction
  that takes place between them.

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Iconicity and Abstraction
Realistic Photograph
Idealised Photograph
Icon
Real life
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Iconicity and Abstraction
Realistic Photograph
Idealised Photograph
Icon
Real life
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going
A photo novel goes towards idealised
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Stock photos, like these from Gettyimages, are
very idealised and feel fake
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Cosmetics commercials offer the same idealised,
fake look
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However
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Dove takes a different approach Time for real
beauty, And almost takes us back to the centre
of realistic photography
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Iconicity and Abstraction
Realistic Photograph
Idealised Photograph
Icon
Real life
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Iconicity and Abstraction
Realistic Photograph
Idealised Photograph
Icon
Real life
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Iconicity and Abstraction
Realistic Photograph
Icon
As you move from realism to iconicity, you go
from feeling youre seeing someone else, to
seeing yourself
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Iconicity and Abstraction

• What does this mean for design visualisation?
• The designer shouldnt feel like he becomes the
  persona
• The level of iconicity has to be just right
• And it can vary between different actors in a
  scenario

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Immersion
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• What do you think happened?

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• This happened

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• ..And this happened..

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• ..And this happened..

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immersion

• .do you still think its interesting?

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immersion
Under taxed
Over taxed
People get apathetic/bored
People get stressed/frustrated
Lose sense of real world. Intense feeling of joy
satisfaction
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Pictures vs. Text

• Search a balance, think of immersion level of
  receiver and what kind of abstraction level
  should be used

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Jean-Marc Fellous, Michael A. Arbib (eds.) Who
needs emotions? CH6 How do we decipher others
minds? by Marc Jeannerod p.154-156 CH12 Beware
of the passionate robot. by Michael A. Arbib
p.368-370 Gustav Jahoda Theodor Lipps and the
sift from sympathy to empathy Journal of the
History of the Behavorial Sciences 41(2),
p.151-163. Spring 2005 Carol Toris A Negotiation
Model of Empathy 9th International Balint
Federation Congress, 1994. Empathy test by Simon
Baron-Cohen http//www.guardian.co.uk/life/news/p
age/0,12983,937443,00.html Scott
McLoud Understanding comics