Native%20Americans

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Ch. 2, Sec. 2
The First Carolinians Native American Groups of
North Carolina
Identify and describe American Indians who
inhabited the regions that became Carolina and
assess their impact on the colony.
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The First North Carolinians
People have lived in North Carolina for several
thousand years. The first of these native
peoples lived as nomadic hunters and gatherers.
Many artifacts or relics and objects of their
existence have been left behind for
archaeologists to study and examine. By 1492,
there were an estimated 35,000 Native Americans
living in the state and well over 34 different
groups are known to have existed. These Native
Americans depended on whatever nature or the land
offered in order to survive.
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The five major groups of North Carolina

• Hatteras
• Chowan
• Tuscarora
• Catawba
• Cherokee

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The Hatteras Indians

• Once occupied the sandbanks in the vicinity of
  Cape Lookout.
• The survivors of the Lost Colony may have been
  incorporated into this tribe.
• The Hatteras/Roanoke Indians were the first to
  come into contact with the Europeans and the
  first to decline in numbers.
• By 1700, only 16 fighting men were to be counted
  with a total population of 80.

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Chowan Indians

• The Chowan were once a large and powerful tribe
  in the Albemarle region in the 1600s, but by
  1707, they had only one town left with 15
  warriors. This loss of life and identity was
  because of interaction with the European
  colonists, disease, and war.
• In 1733, with only a handful of original members
  left, they were assimilated into the Tuscarora.

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The Tuscarora The Tuscarora were a part of the
Iroquoian Nation and were fierce and aggressive,
unlike the weaker coastal tribes. Around 1700,
there were approximately 1200 warriors and over
5000 in the tribe. They lived in the piedmont
and inner coastal-plain. The Tuscarora War of
1711 broke their power and control in North
Carolina. Many of the survivors of the tribe
fled northward into New York where they joined
their cousins, the Iroquois. Later on during the
Revolutionary War, many Tuscarora fought against
the British.
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Chief Pelers of the Tuscarora Tribe
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The Catawba Indians

• At one time, the Catawba were the largest and
  most important tribe in the entire piedmont
  region of the state.
• They lived along the banks of the Catawba River
  and were largely farmers.
• The Catawba were friendly to the white settlers
  and were the arch enemies of the Cherokee nation.
  During the American Revolution, several Catawba
  Warriors served with distinction in the American
  army in pivotal battles such as Guilford
  Courthouse in 1781.
• In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the tribe
  suffered significant decline from diseases and
  warfare.
• By 1944, only 280 full-blooded Catawba Indians
  were living.
• As of 2006, less than 3,000 Catawbas remain, the
  majority of which live in South Carolina.

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The Catawba were once well-known throughout North
Carolina for their pottery and hand-made baskets.
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The Cherokee
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The Cherokee

• Cherokee civilization may be as old or older than
  the Greek and Roman civilizations.
• Part of the Iroquois, the Cherokee have always
  inhabited the mountain regions of the southeast.
• At one time, the Cherokee numbered over 25,000.
  Today, there is an estimated 270,000 federally
  enrolled members.
• The Cherokee battled fiercely against white
  settlers and sided with the British during the
  Revolutionary War.
• Little by little, the Cherokee lost their ancient
  territory as the years progressed.

Sequoyah (above) invented the Cherokee writing
system. He never learned to read, speak, or
write the English language.
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• The word Cherokee means, Those who live in the
  mountains.
• One of the most shameful episodes in American
  History occurred when the Cherokee Indians were
  rounded up by the United States government in the
  1830s and forced to relocate west of the
  Mississippi River in what is today Oklahoma.
• This movement became known as, The Trail of
  Tears. This was due largely to gold being found
  on their ancestral lands and also because of the
  expanding white population.
• Thousands of men, women, and children died on the
  journey.
• During the War Between the States, several
  thousand Cherokee served gallantly in the
  Confederate Army with an outstanding battle
  record.
• Today, the Cherokee Nation continues to expand
  and grow.

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Famous Cherokee
The owner of the Tennessee Titans
Will Rogers
Jimi Hendrix
Johnny Depp
Burt Reynolds
Elvis
Wes Studi
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The Impact of the Invasion of Europeans on North
Carolinas Native Americans

• Severe depopulation through disease and warfare.
• Migration from ancestral lands and removal to
  reservations.
• Radical alterations of Native American culture
  and customs.
• Complete assimilation into white European culture.

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1. ______________ are relics and objects left from
   the past.
2. From WEST to EAST, list the five major Indian
   groups of North Carolina.
3. List the four major effects of European
   interaction upon Native Americans.
4. Name the first Indian group that met European
   setters in the late 1500s.
5. Which Cherokee invented the tribes writing
   system and alphabet?
6. Cherokee means ________________.
7. The forced removal of thousands of Cherokee from
   their ancestral homes is called
   _________________.

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Bibliography

• www.wikipedia.com
• www.davidwrightart.com
• www.johnbuxton.com