Title: ?????(dose%20calibrator)%20??????
1?????(dose calibrator)??????
2? ?
- ????????
- ???????
- ?????
- ????????????
- ???????????
31.????????
4??????
??
???
????
???
?? ?? X??
?(?????) ?(???) ??(????? ??) ??(??)
?? ??
?? ??
?? ?? ?? ??
5????????
Ee h?-Eb
h?
h?
?
h?
e-
Ee-h?-h?
6Ee-
h?
Ee
0.511 MeV
0.511 MeV
h?2m0c2 Ee- Ee?1.02 MeV
72. ????????
8?????
- ????????????10-20 eV
- ??1????????30-35 eV
- Why??
- ???????????
- ??????
- ??
9??????
- ??(diffusion)
- ???????
- ????(charge particle transfer)
- ???????????,????
- ???????????????
- ???quench
- ??????????????????
- ???(recombination)
- ?????????????
10????????
- ????
- ????????
- ????
- ????
- ??????
- ??????
- ????
- ???????
- 4?????
???????????
113. ?????(?????)
- ?????????
- ???
- Air
- ???
- N2 or Ar(????1???)
- ???????
- ????(Closed-end)
- ????
12????
????
13???
???
???
????
????
14?????????
- ??????????????????????
- ???????????????
- ??????????
- ?????
- ?????
- ????
- ????? ? ???????? ? ????
- IC?A , C calibration figure (pA/MBq)
15???????????
- ????????????
- ??????
- ???????????????
- ????????
- ?????????????????
- ?????
- ??
16?????????
????????????
17????????
??????????
???????????,??????????,????????????????,57Co?123I?
125I?133Xe?133Ba?169Yb?201Tl ?
18?????????
- ??????????????,
- ?? 1 gmL-1?
- ??57Co ( 120 keV ??)???????1.25
gmL-1,????????????1.5 ? - 125I( 30 keV ??)???????1.25
gmL-1,????????????60 ?
19?????????
- ????
- ???????????
- ?? lt 5
- ?????????????
- ????????????
- ????????????????
- ??????????????
- ???????
20??????????
- Precision
- ??????????
- Accuracy
- ??????????
- Linearity
- ????????????????(?????)
- Geometry
- ?????????????????????
- Reproducibility
- ??????????
- Background
- ?????????????????
-
21Accuracy and precision test
- ???????????????,
- ????????? ? 5 ?
- ?? ???? ????
- Co-57 122 keV 185 MBq(5 mCi)
- Ba-133 356 keV 9.3 MBq(250 ?Ci)
- Cs-137 662 keV 7.4 MBq(200 ?Ci)
- Co-60 1250 keV 1.9 MBq(50 ?Ci)
- ????2??????50 ?Ci?????1???????????????(NRC??)
22- ??
- ?????????????????????
- ????????10?(NRC??3?)
- ??
- Precision
- Accuracy
23???Co-57??10 MBq,?? Precision?
Accuracy??
- ????9.87,9.96,10.03
- ?????(9.879.9610.03)/39.95
- ??Precision (9.87-9.95)/9.950.8
- (9.96-9.95)/9.950.1
- (10.03-9.95)/9.950.8
- ??Accuracy (9.95-10.00)/10.000.5
24Linearity test
- ?????
- ??????????(Tc-99m, ?4 GBq)??????,???????????????,?
???????????? - ????????????,?????????????
25???500 mCi Tc-99m ???????? Tc-99m ?
Tl-201 ?????
26(No Transcript)
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28Geometry
- ?NRC Regulatory Guide 10.8 Appendix
C??????(installation)????,????????(?????????)?
0.5 mL
???0.5 mL?
0.5 mL
A1
A2
?
29???Tc-99m????5 mL,???15 MBq,?5 mL?
???0.5 mL,????????,??????
- A115.00 MBq, A213.3 MBq,(A1-A2)1.70 MBq
30Reproducibility(constancy)
- ?????????????????????????? ???Ra-226??(??????10
µCi),Cs-137(100 µCi) ??????????????(??????50 µCi)
? - ????????,??????,???????????????,????10????,???????
??????(AR)? - ????????????????,????????
- ???????,??????,??????(Ai)
31????100 µCi ?Cs-137??Reproducibility
?????
32Background
- ?????????????????
- ?????????????????
- ???????????
33??????????? US NRC 10 CFR 35.50 (1-1-94 Edition)
- ?????,??????????????????
- ???Ra-226??(??????10 µCi),
- ?????????????(??????50 µCi) ?
- ???????,?????????
- ?????????????????????
- ??Ra-226??,??????10 µCi), ??????????50
µCi,??????????????????100 keV ? 500 keV ??? - ???????,?????????
- ?????Dose Caibrator????????????30µCi???
- ??????????????????????
- ?????????,?????????,?????????????
- ?????????????????10 ,?????????????
- ??????????????????10 ,????????
34US NRC 10 CFR Part 35
- US NRC 10 CFR Part 35????????????????
10 CFR Part 35.60 (2003) 10 CFR Part 35.50 (1994)
??????????,????????? ??????????????????
?????????(ANSI 42.13)????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
35IAEA -TEDOC-602??
36????????
- ????,????????????????????????????(Background
suppress)???? - ??????????????(ddaily, wweekly, yyearly,
qquarterly)
??? (Check source need) ??? (standard source need) ??? ?????
ANSI ? Model 34-056 d y q
ATOMLAB d ?????
Curiementor 2 d (1 isotope) w (all isotope) y/2(???????????) y/2
MARK V d y
CRC-15?-7?-12?-120 d q d y y
37????
- ????????
- ???????????
- ????
- ????????
- ???????????
- ?????????????????
- ??????????????????
- ????????????????
- ??????????
- ?????????
- ???????????????(??)??
- ?????????
- ?????????????????????
38??????????
39(No Transcript)
40(No Transcript)
41(No Transcript)
42(No Transcript)
43???????????
????
??? n
q2
???
q1
q6
q5
q4
q3
- ?????A(q1q2q3q4q5q6)/P,
- P???????????
44- ????????(surface emission rate of a source)
- q2?q2q3q4q5
- ?????(source efficiency)
- Es q2?/(q1q2q3q4q5q6)
- ????(instrument efficiency)
- ?in/(q2q3q4q5),
- (?????????????????)
- ????(response of the instrument)
- Rin/((q1q2q3q4q5q6)Es?Ei
45- ?????????
- ????????????????
- ??????????????
- ????????????
- ????(n)
- ??????
- Ein/(S?W)
- S?????????????(?/cm2)
- Stotal/Area
- W???????(cm2)
???
5-10 mm
????
46????????? ????
????
2p?????
47- ??????
- REi?Es
- ?????Es??????????????????? Esq2?/(A?P)
- ?????Es?
- E?max ? 0.4 MeV Es0.5
- 0.15 MeV lt E?max lt 0.4 MeV Es0.25
- Alpha
Es0.25
48????????
49(20.5?1.25)
(9.1?0.56)
50???? (1)???????????????,??????,???????????,?
?????????,???????,???????????? (2)??????????
AsN/(RWd),N????????? (3)????Ei (n-nB)/(SWd),
W??????? (4)????E??????ISO 7503-1??,???R Ei
Es? ????Es ???????/???? ?????????? ,
??? ISO7503-1 ????Es0.25(a,0.15
MeVltßlt0.4 MeV)?Es0.5(ßgt0.4 MeV) (5)?????90Sr/90Y
S/N Z-255 ????????(????NRSL-93037),????
?241Am S/N Z-256 ????????(????NRSL-93032),
???????? ???? 6.1 (k2,k?????),???95
????? (6)?????????????????? (7)WITH PROBE NE
GP13A S/N 345?
51????????
??? (??Wd)
- ??????????
- An/(R?Wd),REi?Es
- ???????
- ATWs?n/(R?Wd)
- ???????
- AT n/R
- ??????????
- AAT/Ws
5-10 mm
???? (??Ws)
??? (??Wd)
5-10 mm
???? (??Ws)
52 Web site of NRSL http//nrsl.iner.gov.tw/