Quantum Model of the Atom

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Quantum Model of the Atom
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Do Now

• What do we know about the atom based on Bohrs
  model?

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Bohrs Model

• Central nucleus
• Electrons revolved in circular orbits
• However, only worked for hydrogen

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The Formation of a New Model

• deBroglies studies disproved Bohrs model

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The Quantum Model

• 1926- proposed by Schrödinger
• Treated the electron like a wave
• Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle
• it is impossible to know the velocity and
  position of a particle at the same time
• Therefore it is nearly impossible to know the
  exact location of an electron at any exact
  moment.

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• Like Bohrs model, there are different energy
  levels
• As electrons travel away from the nucleus, they
  require more energy
• Like climbing a ladder
• The high your climb, the more energy you use

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Orbital Shapes

• Inside each energy level there are different
  shaped orbitals
• s
• p
• d
• f
• (in order of increasing energy)

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First Energy Level

• 1 sublevel
• s-shaped orbitals
• Has one sub-orbital
• Holds 2 electrons

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Second Energy Level

• 2 sublevels
• s-shaped
• 1 sub-orbital
• Holds 2 electrons
• p shaped
• 3 sub-orbitals
• Holds total of 6 electrons (2 per sub-orbital)

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Third Energy Level

• 3 sublevels
• s-shaped
• 1 sub-orbital
• Holds 2 electron
• p-shaped
• 3 sub-orbitals
• Holds 6 electrons
• d-shaped
• 5 sub-orbitals
• Holds 10 electrons (2 per sub-orbital)

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Fourth Energy Level

• 4 sublevels
• s-shaped
• 1 sub-orbital
• Holds 2 electrons
• p-shaped
• 3 sub-orbitals
• Holds 6 electrons
• d-shaped
• 5 sub-orbitals
• Holds 10 electrons
• f-shaped
• 7 sub-orbitals
• Holds 14 electrons

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• Each energy level acquires a sublevel
• Each sublevel is a different shaped orbital

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Aufbaus Principle

• Electrons will occupy the lowest available energy
  level first
• Energy levels closest to the nucleus have less
  energy
• Like climbing a ladder

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Hunds Rule

• Electrons will occupy each sub-orbital before
  pairing up
• School bus

Paulis Exclusion Principle

• When electrons are paired together, they will
  spin in opposite directions

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Orbitals in order of increasing energy