DLP - Digital Light Processing

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DLP - Digital Light Processing

• Based on,
• High-Brightness
• High-Resolution Applications

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What is DLP Technology ?

• Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a display
  technology developed by Texas Instruments.
• It provides all-digital projection displays that
  offer superior picture quality in terms of
  resolution, brightness, contrast.
• This provides an overview of the digital video
  processing solutions like scan conversion,
  picture enhancements, color processing.
• DLP technology is in use wherever visual
  excellence is in demand.

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Background Information

• DLP was invented in 1987 by Dr. Hornbeck of Texas
  Instruments Inc.

• In 1992, TI started a project to

explore the DMD's commercial viability.

• A year later, it named the new technology DLP
  and formed a separate group to develop
  commercial display applications.

• In 1994, TI demonstrated DLP projectors for
  the first time.

• In 1997, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts
  and Sciences chose DLP to project film at the
  Oscars, where the first three-chip DLP technology
  was demonstrated to the Hollywood community.

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• In 1999, DLP Cinema was first demonstrated to
  the public with the release of Star Wars Episode
  I the Phantom Menace. By December 2002, TI had
  shipped 2 million DLP subsystems.

• DLP Products has also received two Emmy Awards,
  for excellence in 1998 and for technology and
  engineering in 2003.

• In 2002, Hornbeck was elected a fellow of the
  International Society for Optical Engineering and
  received the David Sarnoff Medal from the Society
  of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.

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EVOLUTION IN TECHNOLOGY

• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
• Plasma

(DLP)
Digital Light Processing
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Enter Digital Light Processing

• pixels on a DLP chip is a reflective mirror
• amplifies the light generated from the chip.
• The advantage of DLP
• It produces bright, high-contrast
  images
• It can be projected onto any size
  screen

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Important Basic Concepts of DLP

• DMD
• Color Wheel

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TECHNOLOGY
Digital Micro Mirror Device (DMD)
Semiconductor That Changed Everything

• Heart of DLP
• Invented by Larry Hornbeck
• of Texas Instrument
• world's most sophisticated
• light switch
• Rectangular array of up to 1.3 million of
• hinge-mounted movable microscopic
• mirrors
• Size of a fifth of human hair
• Each mirror correspond to one pixel of image
• Mounted over a CMOS SRAM

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• Not operating parked at 0 degree
• On Tilt 10 degrees
• Off Tilt 10 degrees
• On/Off Switching 1000 times/sec

• Consists of 508,800 tiny,
• tiltable mirrors
• The tilt directs light toward the screen, or
  into a "light trap" that eliminates unwanted
  light when reproducing blacks and shadows.
• A glass window seals and protects the mirrors.

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DLP Adding Colors

• The white light passes through a color wheel
• The color wheel filters the light into red,
  green, and blue.
• a single-chip DLP projection system can create at
  least 16.7 million colors.
• 3-DMD chip system is capable of producing no
  fewer than 35 trillion colors.

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How DLP works ?

• Signal Conversion
• Gray Scale Image
• Color Creation

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Step 1
Signal Conversion

• Accepts both analog or digital signal
• All signals must be converted into digital
• The digital signal, enables mirrors to tilt
  towards On or away from Off light source.

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Step 2
___ ____ ____

• On light Pixel vs. Off Dark Pixel
• Mirror switched on more frequently than off
  Reflects Light Gray Pixel
• Rapid Switching allows up to 1024 shades of gray
  reflections
• Digitalized video signal entering DMD get
  converted into highly detailed grayscale image

Not present
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Step 3
Color Creation

• Color is added as white light from the lamp
  passes through a color wheel filter
• Color Wheel RED, GREEN BLUE
• mirrors on DMD are tilted on for the exact amount
  of time required for each basic color
• Only 1 color is shined onto DMD at a time
• When spinning fast enough, human eyes blend
  alternating flashes to view more colors in the
  projected image.

Color wheel present
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Practically Implemented Model
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DLP Technology allows for a clear smooth picture
with no glare due to its embossed coating
technology

• DLP Technology allows for a clear smooth picture
  with no glare due to its embossed coating
  technology   

Anti Glare Coating Screen
 Normal Screen
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Current Projection TV or Monitor Technology
A 43" DLP TV is 35 slimmer and 56 lighter than
a 36" direct view TV.

• Every pixel on a DLP chip is a reflective mirror,
  which amplifies the light generated from the
  chip.
• There is no limit to the size of the screen that
  can be manufactured.
• Brightness and contrast is even across the entire
  surface of the screen.

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ARCHITECTURE DESIGN

• Only inorganic
• Mirrors are aluminium
• Off chip drivers
• Arrayed on center-gthigh fill factor
• Electrostatic torque
• ve -ve
• Potential of yoke
• Thick oxide
• Brightness, contrast ratio

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EXAMPLES

• Video processing systems
• SVP2
• Performing 5.7 billion 8-bit additions/sec.
• Data Path ASIC
• 48-bit Data Input Register(DIR)
• 32-bit DOR
• Independent Clock Control
• Room Projectors, home theater, CRT, institutional
  projectors.

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Application Areas

• 1-chip DLP Projection System

• 16.7 millions of colors
• TV, projector, home theater system

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3-chip DLP Projection System

• 35 trillion of colors
• 3 DMD configuration
• Each DMD dedicated to 1 color only
• White light passes through a prism to divide red,
  green and blue and later recombine to form image

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• CONVERGENCE OF TECHNOLOGY
• Rotation of the mirror
• memory cell in the
• on (1) state, the mirror
• rotates to 10 degrees.
• off (0) state, the mirror rotates
• to -10 degrees
• (1) state of the mirror
• appears bright
• (0) state of the mirror appears dark.

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INDUSTRY RELEVANCE

• used in large projection screen applications
• Mission To Mars, Toy Story 2, Rocky and
  Bullwinkle, Disney's Dinosaur, and Spy Kids.
• several manufacturers, such as Hitachi,
  Panasonic, Samsung, and Mitsubishi are producing
  rear-projection DLP sets for the consumer.

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Conclusion

• organic compounds in LCD panels susceptible to
  high heat and light energy stress.
• DLP technology does not use organic compounds
• LCD technology has a failure mode that does not
  exist with DLP.

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FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY

• HD2 for contrast ratios greater than 30001 for
  much improved color.
• eliminating more of the latent brightness when in
  the off position .
• Sequential Color Recapture (SCR)
• Spiral of Archimedes