IENG 475 - Lecture 04

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IENG 475 - Lecture 04

• Manufacturing Safety

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Agenda

• Questions Issues
• Safety Regulation
• NIOSH
• OSHA
• Liability
• Accident Theory
• Domino Theory
• Human Factors Theory
• Multiple Causation Theory
• Four Tools

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Safety Regulation

• The Occupational Safety Health Act of 1970
  created
• NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety
  and Health) which develops standards, performs
  research, and conducts education and training
• OSHA (Occupational Safety Health
  Administration) which enforces standards to
  ensure safe and healthy working conditions

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OSHA Requirements for Employers

• Each employer shall furnish to each of his or
  her employees employment and a place of
  employment free from recognized hazards that are
  causing or likely to cause death or serious harm
  to his employees and shall comply with
  occupational safety and health standards under
  this Act.

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OSHA Requirements for Employees

• Employees have the responsibility to comply
  with occupational safety and health standards and
  all rules, regulations and orders issued pursuant
  to this Act that are applicable to his or her own
  actions and conduct.

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Liability

• Employers ARE strictly liable for compliance with
  OSHA regulations
• Employees ARE NOT strictly liable for OSHA
  regulations
• BOTH employers and employees may be held to
  account for safety under general liability
• Know or could have reasonably foreseen of a
  problem and did not take appropriate action
• Deep Pockets legal theory applies
• Professional censure for engineers applies

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Safety Theory Domino Theory

• Herbert Heinrich Study (1920s 1930s)
• 88 caused by unsafe acts
• 10 caused by unsafe conditions
• 2 caused by unavoidable acts of God
• Sequence of Factors (dominos)
• Ancestry Social Environment predisposing
  factors
• Fault of Person (character flaw) poor choice
  made
• Unsafe Act and Physical Hazard action taken in
  the presence of a hazard
• Accident unexpected result
• Injury outcome of unexpected result

Removing any domino prevents the accident!
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Safety Theory Human Factors Theory

• Humans are error prone accident is a chain of
  events that lead to a human error
• Three factors that lead to the error
• Overload limitations on amount of stress that
  individuals can handle
• Working environment
• Health physical condition
• Personal commitments problems
• Job responsibilities
• Inappropriate Response (lack of) experience,
  training, proper demeanor
• Inappropriate Activities action taken based on
  incorrect judgement

Prevent all three to avoid the accident!
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Safety Theory Multiple Causation Theory

• Extension of Domino Theory accidents may have
  multiple causes (more than one domino) but
  eliminating either one of two categories of
  causes will prevent an accident
• Behavioral human elements contrary to safe
  operations, such as
• Inadequate skill or training
• Fatigue or inattentiveness
• Environmental physical elements contrary to
  safe operations, such as
• Inadequate lighting, housekeeping, noise control
• Inadequate safeguards, personal protective
  equipment

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Four Tools for our Lab

• Cause Effect Diagrams
• Check Lists
• Supervised Training
• Practice

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Questions

• Be ON TIME to lab next week
• For THIS lab, EP paper instructions will be
  provided
• Activities
• Safety Equipment
• Safety Analysis (individual team)
• Capacity Analysis