Chapter%207:%20Consonantal%20Gestures

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Chapter 7 Consonantal Gestures
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Place
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Purpose

• Review English Categories
• Look at Other Place and Manner Possibilities -
  
• Examples in Other Languages
•  Look at Common Disordered Categories

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Place

• Need to Specify
• Passive articulator
• Active articulator

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Most Non-English Sounds

• Similar Places
• Different Manner

1. Bilabial
2. Labiodental
3. Dental
4. Alveolar
5. Retroflex
6. Palato-Alveolar
7. Palatal
8. Velar
9. Uvular
10. Pharyngeal
11. Epiglottal
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Bilabials
LABIAL

• English
• Oral Nasal Stops, Glides
• Other languages
• Fricatives
• Spanish saber (to know) /saße?/

Linguo-labials - tongue lip
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Labiodental
LABIAL

• English Fricatives
• Many languages have fricatives, affricates
• German Pfund (pound) /pfunt/
• No phonemic Stops or Nasals
• Acoustic similarity to bilabials
• Many allophonic nasals
• E.g., symphony /s??f?ni/
• emphasis /??f?s?s/

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Interdental/Dental
CORONAL

• English Fricatives
• Other Languages
• Stops
• Nasals

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Alveolar
CORONAL

• English
• Stops, Nasals, Fricatives, Approximants
• Other Languages
• Affricates
• E.g., German, Zeit (time) /tsa?t/
• Nonphonemic in English
• E.g., eats /its/

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Retroflex
CORONAL
Retroflex - tongue tip pointed up, articulation
with underside of tongue (not manner because
place is both where and what with tongue)

• English
• Liquids
• Other Languages
• Stops, Nasals, Laterals, Fricatives
• E.g., Quichua, ari (yes) /a?i/

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Part of Tongue Used
CORONAL

• Apical - Tongue Tip
• Laminal - Tongue Blade
• Dorsal - Back of Tongue

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Alveolar and Palatal
CORONAL

• English
• Fricatives

Palato-alveolar - front of tongue domed, tongue
tip near alveolar/post-alveolar region (not
underside)
Alveolo-palatals (like palatal palato-alveolar)
- further back than palato-alveolar, but still
tongue tip under alveolar ridge (Chinese and
Polish)
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Palatal
CORONAL

• English
• Fricatives, Liquids, Glides
• Other Languages
• Stops, Fricatives, Nasal
• Laminal vs. Dorsal
• Phonemic vs. Allophonic Uses

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Velar
DORSAL

• English
• Stops, Nasals
• Fricatives
• Spanish
• German

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Uvular
DORSAL

• Back of tongue to uvula
• Not in American English
• Fricatives
• French
• Trill
• German /R/
• Nasals
• Iniktitut /N/
• Stop
• Iniktitut /q, G/

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Epiglottis
DORSAL

• Epiglottis to back wall of pharynx
• Rare
• Fricatives
• Phonemic contrast between pharyngeal epiglottal
  place extremely rare.
• Acoustic similarity

See Agul
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Pharyngeal
DORSAL

• Root of tongue to back wall of pharynx
• Fricatives

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Manner
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Stops

• Summary Table 7.5, p. 168.
• Know how each is produced

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(No Transcript)
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Nasals

• In many languages
• Primarily Voiced, some voiceless.

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Fricatives

• Largest variety
• Classification
• Tongue grooved or flat
• not bilabial
• Sibilants and Non-sibilants
• Auditory distinction
• Sibilants have greater acoustic energy
• Different means of obstruction

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Nasals, stops and fricatives (Nasals are all
voiced despite the uvular nasal being on the left)
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Trill

• Tip of tongue set in motion by air
• Uvular, Alveolar, Bilabial

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Tap/Flap

• Tap
• Tongue tuip hitting roof of mouth
• Spanish single r pero (but) /pe?o/
• Flap
• One articulator being thrown against another.
• Technically flaps retroflex and post-alveolar
• Often grouped, terminology used interchangeably.
• E.g., betty (tap) vs. hardup (flap)

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Affricates

• Phonemic Duration
• Types
• Alveopalatal
• Alveolar
• Labial
• Ejectives Possible

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Lateral vs. Central / Approximants (liquids
glides)

• Lateral
• Air passes out sides
• Central
• Air passes out center
• Alveolar vs. Velar

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Place Manner Differences in Disordered Speech
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Lateralization

• Primarily
• Stops
• Fricatives

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Speech with a Cleft Palate

• Cleft in hard/soft palate
• Tissue, Bony Structure, Muscle
• Inadequate closure/obstruction of air
• Structurally unable to produce certain sounds
• Attempt to keep same manner with different place
• May result in
• Nasal Fricatives
• Glottal Stops
• Pharyngeal Fricatives

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What you know about consonants

• Airstream Mechanism
• Airstream Direction
• Glottis State
• Part of Tongue Involved (NA on some)
• Primary Place of Articulation
• Manner of Articulation
• Centrality
• Nasality

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Airstream Mechanism

1. Pulmonic
2. Glottalic
3. Velaric

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Airstream Direction

• Egressive
• Ingressive

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Glottis State

1. Voiced
2. Voiceless
3. Murmured
4. Laryngealized
5. Closed

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Part of Tongue Involved

• Apical
• Laminal
• Neither

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Primary Place of Articulation

1. Bilabial
2. Labiodental
3. Dental
4. Alveolar
5. Retroflex
6. Alveopalatal
7. Palato-alveolar
8. Palatal
9. Velar
10. Uvular
11. Pharyngeal
12. (Labial-Velar)

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Manner of Articulation

1. Stop
2. Fricative
3. Approximant
4. Trill
5. Flap
6. Tap
7. Affricate

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Centrality

1. Central
2. Lateral

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Nasality

1. Oral
2. Nasal

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Practice match the transcription with the sound
1
2
3
4
5
a ?al
b ?oz
c qa?u
d p?x
e ka?
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Practice match the transcription with the sound
1
2
3
4
5
c
a ?al
b ?oz
c qa?u
d p?x
e ka?
e
a
b
d
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Difficult Fricative Practice
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a a?a
b afa
c aTa
d asa
e a?a
f aSa
g aCa
h axa
i aXa
j a?a
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Difficult Fricative Practice
1 b
2 e
3 g
4 h
5 c
6 i
7 f
8 j
9 a
10 d
a a?a
b afa
c aTa
d asa
e a?a
f aSa
g aCa
h axa
i aXa
j a?a