POPULATION CENSUS ORGANIZATION

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Users Producers Workshop

• Presentation
• on
• Population Statistics
• by
• Muhammad Saeed
• Census Commissioner
• Population Census Organization

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POPULATION CENSUS

• Population Census is the primary source of
  information on population size and its
  characteristics. The data collected through
  population census serves as bench mark for all
  types of socio-economic development planning and
  evaluation and provide basis for all
  administrative activities, demographic research
  and various projections of population
  characteristics.
• Census taking is a universal practice and is
  undertaken in almost all countries of the world.
  Through population census a vast amount of data
  on all basic demographic and socio-economic
  variables is collected about each person living
  within country/territory. The main advantage of
  population census is the large amount of data it
  produces at one point of time and the
  availability of data at the lowest level.
• DEFINITION
• Population census is total process of collecting,
  compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing
  / disseminating demographic, social and economic
  data of all persons in a country or a well
  defined territory, at a specified time.

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• CHARACTERISTICS OF CENSUS
• i) Largeness to cover entire area / population
• ii) Accuracy and reliability of information
• iii) Time oriented activity
• ESSENTIAL FEATURES
• i) INDIVIDUAL ENUMERATION-Implies that each
  individual is enumerated and his/her
  characteristics recorded separately
• ii) UNIVERSALITY WITHIN A DEFINED
  TERRITORY- Census should cover the entire
  country or well defined territory and include
  every person living therein
• iii) SIMULTANEITY-Data collected should refer to
  the same well defined reference period
  generally the census day with specific time
• iv) DEFINED PERIODICITY-Census should be taken
  at regular intervals so that comparable
  information is made available in a fixed
  sequence. A series of censuses makes it possible
  to appraise the past, describe the present and
  estimate the future

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• CENSUS HISTORY
• 1. First regular census in the areas now
  comprising Pakistan was held in 1881.
• 2. Since then regular censuses have been
  conducted after every ten years in the year
  ending at one.
• After independence five censuses have been
  undertaken in 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981 and 1998.
• 4. Fifth census due in 1991 could not be
  conducted as scheduled due to some administrative
  / political reasons but was undertaken in March,
  1998.

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SCOPE OF CENSUS

• I) AREA COVERED
• - Entire Area Of Pakistan including Tribal
  Areas (F A T A P A T A)
• - AJK Northern Areas covered on behalf of
  M/o Kashmir and Northern Affairs
• II) POPULATION COVERED
• - All persons living in above areas enumerated
  on de-jure and de-facto basis
• - Afghan refugees and special population groups
  living in camps / pockets excluded
• - Foreign national living in Pakistan covered
  except diplomatic personnel and their families
• - Seasonal migrants covered at place of
  residence on census date
• - Pakistanis living abroad not counted.
• III) TOPICS OF INFORMATION COVERED
• A) DEMOGRAPHIC SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
• - Age
• - Sex

 
 
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• B) EDUCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
• - Literacy status
• - School attendance
• - Level of education completed
• - Field of education
• C) GEOGRAPHICAL/MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS
• - Usual residence
• - District of birth
• - Duration of continues residence in district
• - District of previous residence
• - Reason of migration
• D) ECONOMIC CHARACTERSTICS
• - Type of activity
• - Occupation

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• E) FERTILITY MORTALITY
• - No. of children ever born alive by sex
• - No. of children still living by sex
• - No. of children born during last 12 months by
  sex
• - No. of children still living by sex
• F) MISELLENIOUS
• - Nature of disability if any
• - Immunization of children under 10 years of age
• - Holding of NI Card of persons 18 years plus

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IMPORTANCE OF CENSUS (SOCIO-ECONOMIC

• Provide bench mark data for all socio-economic
  development plans / policies and their
  evaluation
• Provide basis for all administrative activities,
  demographic research and projection of
  population to meet future requirements.
• Provide population data for smallest Admn. Units
  / areas.
• Establish sampling frame for intercensal sample
  surveys on various topics and others statistical
  programs
• Provide changing patterns of urban / rural
  concentrations and development of urbanized
  areas.

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IMPORTANCE OF CENSUS (LEGAL / CONSTITUTIONAL)

• Census also meets legal and political
  requirement
• - Provides basis for political representation to
  the National Assembly under article 51 (3) of
  the constitution.
• - Population base used for distribution of funds
  to the federating units by the National
  Finance Commission formed under article 160
  (2) of the constitution.
• - Determines quota for recruitment to all civil
  posts in Federal Government.

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• SELECTION OF TOPICS
• Mainly depends upon needs of data users
• (planners, administrators and researchers)
• Continuity of census information Traditional
  topics
• Quality of data collected in previous census
• Availability of qualified and dedicated field
  staff
• Ability of respondents in answering complex
  questions
• Availability of resources in term of money, men
  and technical capabilities
• International practice and UN / ESCAP
  recommendation

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CENSUS METHODOLOGY

• Methodology refers to methods employed for
  collecting data, different phases involved, use
  of sampling, etc.
• Canvasser method information for each
  individual and living quarter collected and
  recorded by enumerator through interaction with
  the respondent generally used in illiterate
  population.
• In householder methods, the responsibility for
  recording information on head / person in the
  housing unit however, questionnaire or usually
  distributed, collected and checked by census
  officials.
• Dejure verses defecto count dejure count in all
  previous censuses except 1981. Next census on
  dejure as well as defecto basis to provide
  counter check of total count.
• Use of sampling in enumeration to collect
  additional information.

 
 
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PLANNING PROCESS

• Initial decisions about census taking / date
• Consultation with data users
• Census methodology dejure / defacto
• Determine different phases of census
• Type of maps required
• Determination of training procedure
• Work out requirement of staff, equipment and
  supplies
• Determine budgetary requirements and logistics.

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• PRE-CENSUS ACTIVITIES
• Designing of questionnaires and their
  pre-testing
• Development of tabulation plan for census
  reports
• Delimitation of census areas to ensure complete
  coverage
• Preparation of maps to avoid omission/
  duplication
• Development of sample design
• Plans for data entry / processing
• Preparation of training material
• Appointment and training of field staff
• Printing of census documents
• Logistic supplies

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• ENUMERATION ACTIVITIES
• House numbering / house listing to identify
  residential and commercial etc. units and to
  prepare inventory of households.
• Census enumeration through door to door visit
  and interaction of enumerator with the head or
  responsible member of household.
• Supervision / monitoring to ensure accuracy in
  recording of information. Each supervisor to
  fill 20 forms of each block independently.
• Retrieval of filled-in documents according to
  delimitation of areas.

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DATA PROCESSING

• Manual editing of filled-in census forms for
  inconsistency, incompleteness and erroneous data
• Coding of open ended questions on occupation,
  industry, district of migration, etc.
• Data entry for accurate and speedy transfer of
  data for further processing
• Computer editing and imputation of missing values
• Preliminary tabulation and consistency checking
• Final tabulation according to pre-determined
  tabulation plan

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QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES

• Delimitation of whole country into small census
  areas i.e. census blocks, circles etc. with
  boundary description to ensure complete coverage
  of area and population.
• Preparation/supply of maps of each census areas
  to avoid omissions or duplication.
• Proper training of all tiers of the field staff
  i.e. enumerators, supervisors, superintendents.
• Supervision and monitoring during all stages of
  census operation.
• Use of machine readable form/optical mark reader
  to transfer data from census forms directly to
  computer to ensure accurate and speedy data entry.

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DISSEMINATION OF DATA

• Provisional Results
• Advance tabulation on important characteristics
• District Census Reports
• Provincial / National Reports
• Subject wise reports on important characteristics
• Special area reports (Thar Cholistan)
• Analytical reports on important topics
• Big city reports (population 3 lac over)
• Census Atlas giving geographical presentation of
  census data

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SALIENT FEATURE OF 1998 CENSUS

• BLOCK LEVEL MAPS PREPARED TO ENSURE COMPLETE
  COVERAGE OF AREA / POPULATION AND AVOID UNDER /
  OVER ENUMERATION
• NO MAJOR COMPLAINT ON OVER / UNDER
  ENUMERATION OF AREA / POPULATION - EXPERTS
  ACCEPTABILITY
• MOST SUPERVISED CENSUS - EVERY ENUMERATOR
  ACCOMPANIED BY A PERSON FROM ARMED FORCES
• COUNTER CHECK SYSTEM - THREE TYPE OF FORMS
  USED FOR RECORDING POPULATION
• DATA ENTRY THROUGH OMR TO ENSURE ACCURACY

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• QUICK CENSUS RESULTS
• - PROVISIONAL RESULTS IN ABOUT 3 MONTHS TIME ( 4
  MONTHS IN 1981 CENSUS )
• - ADVANCE TABULATION IN 10 MONTHS ( 21 MONTHS IN
  1981 CENSUS)
• - FINAL RESULTS IN 30 MONTHS ( 45 MONTHS IN 1981
  CENSUS )
• GROWTH RATE JUSTIFIABLE
• EXTENSIVE TABULATION
• - 52 STATISTICAL TABLE AGAINST 32 IN 1981
  CENSUS
• - 25 ANALYTICAL TABLES AT DISTRICT LEVEL
  AGAINST ONLY ONE IN 1981 CENSUS

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• THANKS