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1
POWER PLANT EMISSIONS IN COLOMBO AS A TOOL FOR
URBAN PLANNING
K. G. T. DHARSHANA
2
Introduction

• Current state of air pollution in Colombo.
• Trends of air pollution in Colombo. Link
  Variation patterns of average concentrations at
  Fort.
• Monitoring of air pollution.
• Link 16 monitoring locations of NBRO.

3
Objectives

• Application of modeling as a tool for urban
  planning.
• As a case study, to study the contribution from
• power plants to Colombo air pollution.
• Compare the outcomes of dispersion model
  AUSPLUME over the US EPA SCREEN 3.

4
Achievements

• Establish a complex air dispersion model
• AUSPLUME for the prediction of point
• source emissions to general air pollution.
• Evaluation of the power sector contribution
• to the Colombo air pollution.

5
Methodology

• Input data Meteorology.
• Input data Source Characteristics.
• Application of AUSPLUME model.
• Application of US EPA SCREEN 3 model.
• Analyzing of automated monitoring data at NBRO.

6
Input data - Meteorology
Methodology Contd

• Selecting the Northeast monsoon periods
• of 97/98 and 98/99.
• Link Contribution from thermal power
  plants.
• Interested parameters.
• Development of Colombo Met.

7
Input data Source Characteristics
Methodology Contd
Source NBRO prepared power sector emission
inventory and EIA reports of Thermal Power
Plants.
8
Application of AUSPLUME model
Methodology Contd

• Combined stack emissions.
• Default options.
• Using SURFER as a supporting
• software.

9
Application of SCREEN 3 model
Methodology Contd

• Different stability categories.
• All meteorology option for the worst case
• scenario.

10
General limitations of Gaussian plume models
Methodology contd

• Not considering wind stratification.
• Assuming normal distribution patterns of
  pollution concentrations.
• Assuming no chemical transformation of
  pollutants.
• Assume constant and continuous stack emissions.
• Assumption of relatively flat terrain.

11
Analyzing of automated monitoring data at NBRO
Methodology Contd

• Selection of Northeast and Southwest monsoon
• periods in 1998 and 2000.
• Consideration of 9.00 pm to 12.00 midnight to
• identify the power sector contribution.

12
Results
Variation of 1-hour SO2 concentration with the
wind speed of 1 m/s
13
Contributions from major thermal power plants to
three city centers in Colombo
Results contd
All values are in µg/m3 and obtained using the
AUSPLUME air dispersion model.
14
Results Contd
15
Results Contd
Variation patterns of 1- hour SO2 concentration
in Puttalum.
16
Results Contd
Comparison of AUSPLUME and SCREEN 3 model outputs
17
Results Contd
Diurnal variation of NO and NO2 at Fort
during December 2000.
Link Diurnal variation of NO and NO2 at
Fort during December 1998.
18
Conclusions

• Power plants contribution to Fort, Maradana and
  Met. Dept. sites during the NE of year 2000 were
  34, 52 and 54 w.r.t. NOX as NO2 and 3, 4 and
  6 w.r.t. SO2.
• Recently started AES power plant in Kelanitissa
  would contribute to Fort, Maradana and Met. Dept.
  sites during the NE period nearly by 30, 37 and
  26 µg m-3 w.r.t NOX as NO2 and nearly by 3, 4 and
  3 µg m-3 w.r.t. SO2.

19
Conclusions Contd

• AUSPLUME model can be recommended for air
  pollution regulatory purposes in Sri Lanka over
  the currently use
• US EPA SCREEN 3 model.
• It is possible to accommodate two existing 20 MW
  each furnace oil fired steam turbines in
  Kelanitissa in standby condition during SW
  periods in order to meet peak electricity demand.

20
Future developments

• Institutionalize the activity
• Need a multidisciplinary approach.
• Develop a good data base.

21
Special Thanks

• Mr. R. P. Samarakkody
• Dr. K. P. S. C. Jayaratne
• Dr. Priyaratne Dewundege
• Dr. Senaka Basnayake

22
THANK YOU!
23
Source Continuous Air Quality Monitoring
Project of NBRO.
Variation patterns of Average concentrations
at Fort.

• Link Variation patterns of NO2 weekly
  exposure levels.

24
Source Continuous Air Quality Monitoring
Project (CAMP IV) of NBRO.
Variation of NO2 concentration of weekly sampling
at Fort and Meteorological Department sites.

Link Introduction
25

Link Objectives
26
Contribution from thermal power plants to
major city centers.
Link Input data - Meteorology
27
Diurnal variation of NO and NO2 at Fort during
December 1998.

Link
Conclusions