PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

• Sources
• Cooper, Product Leadership - Creating and
  Launching Superior New Products, Perseus, 2000.
• Ulrich and Eppinger, Product Design and
  Development, 2nd ed., Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000.
• Pugh, Total Design - Integrated Methods for
  Successful Product Engineering, Addison Wesley,
  1990.
• Pugh (with Clausing and Andrade), Creating
  Innovative Products Using Total Design, Addison
  Wesley, 1996

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Product Specifications

• Cooper
• Part of the product definition
• Product features, attributes, requirements
• Ulrich and Eppinger
• What the product has to do, not how
• Consists of a metric and a value

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Product Specification Phases
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Coopers Stage 2 Business Case

• What is the product and who will it be sold to?
  (the product definition)
• Target market
• Product concept and benefits delivered
• Positioning strategy
• Products features, attributes, requirements
• Why invest in this project?
• Thorough project justification
• How will it be undertaken, when, by whom, at what
  cost? (the project plan)

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Ulrich and EppingersProduct Development Process
Product Development Process
After Ulrich and Eppinger, Exhibit 2-2
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Concept Development Phase (U E)
After Ulrich and Eppinger, Exhibit 2-3
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Concept Development Process
Perform Economic Analysis
Benchmark Competitive Products
Build and Test Models and Prototypes
Target Specs Based on customer needs and
benchmarking
Final Specs Based on selected concept,
feasibility, models, testing, and trade-offs
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The Product Specs Process (UE)

• Set Target Specifications
• Based on customer needs and benchmarks
• Develop metrics for each need
• Set ideal and acceptable values
• Refine Specifications
• Based on selected concept and feasibility testing
• Technical modeling
• Trade-offs are critical
• Reflect on the Results and the Process
• Critical for ongoing improvement

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Identifying Customer Needs

• Who is the customer?
• External
• Consumer, purchaser, end-user
• Vendor, supplier
• Internal
• Everyone who touches the product or is touched by
  it

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Identifying Customer Needs

• The process
• Gather raw data from customers
• Interpret raw data in terms of customer needs
• Organize needs into a hierarchy (primary,
  secondary, etc.)
• Establish relative importance of each need
• Reflect on the results and the process

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Kano Diagram
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Expected, Requested, and Surprising Performance
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Establish Hierarchy, Relative Importance
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Project Specification Steps
Gather and filter problem information
Convert requirements into specifications
Establish the customers requirements
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Requirements vs. Specifications

• Requirements
• Define what the customer wants
• May be subjective, qualitative, difficult to
  measure
• Specifications
• Define what will actually be delivered
• Respond to customers needs, organizational
  capabilities, technology and resource
  availability
• Always Measurable

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Specifications.....

• Precisely define the end product or result
• Quantify the customers needs and specify the
  degree to which the needs will be met
• Should not limit how the customers needs are to
  be addressed
• Consist of
• Metric - Characteristic being measured
• Value or range of values
• Unit of measurement

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Specifications are the yardstick for determining
project success
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Rules for Creating Specifications

• 1. Focus on the end RESULTS.
• 2. Do not build your ideas of how to achieve the
  results into the specifications.
• 3. Make sure that each requirement is covered.
• 4. Make sure that the customers interests are
  protected.
• 5. Make sure that your interests are protected.

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Product Design Specifications

• Guidelines for developing the Product Design
  Specification (PDS)
• (see Product Design Specifications (Pugh)
  presentation)

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Using Customer Input

• Customer input and the House of Quality
• Quality function deployment (QFD)

(Click here to go to QFD presentation)
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ENHANCED QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT

• (EQFD)

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Notes HOQ House of Quality TSA Total System
Architecture SS Subsystem PP Piece-part
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Notes HOQ House of Quality TSA Total System
Architecture SS Subsystem PP Piece-part
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The Product Specs Process

• Set Target Specifications
• Based on customer needs and benchmarks
• Develop metrics for each need
• Set ideal and acceptable values
• Refine Specifications
• Based on selected concept and feasibility testing
• Technical modeling
• Trade-offs are critical
• Reflect on the Results and the Process
• Critical for ongoing improvement

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Product Specifications ExampleMountain Bike
Suspension Fork
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Start with the Customer Needs
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Establish Metrics and Units
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Link Metrics to Needs
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Benchmark on Customer Needs
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Benchmark on Metrics
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Assign Marginal and Ideal Values
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Specification Trade-offs
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Rox Tahx Ti 21
110
Maniray 2
Gunhill Head
100
Shox
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Estimated Manufacturing Cost ()
Rox Tahx Quadra
.
80
Tonka Pro
marginal values
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ST Tritrack
60
ideal values
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3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
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Score on Monster (Gs)
Score on Monster (Gs)
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Set Final Specifications
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The Total Design Process

• Pughs Total Design Process
• (See Pughs Total Design Process presentation)

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The End