SEMINAR ON SURGE CURRENT PROTECTION USING SUPERCONDUCTOR

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SEMINAR ONSURGE CURRENT PROTECTION
USINGSUPERCONDUCTOR

• SUBMITTED TO
  SUBMITTED BY RAJNISH MITTER
  MAHESH
  MEENA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
  ELECTRICAL
  ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
  
  10ELDEE726

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CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS SURGE CURRENT
• WHAT IS SUPERCONDUCTOR
• TYPES OF SUPERCONDUCTOR
• FAULT CURRENT LIMITER
• PROTECTION SCHEME
• APPLICATION
• FUTURE PLANS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

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INTRODUCTION

• Modern power system are growing fast with more
  generators, transformers and large network in the
  system. whenever a fault occurs there is a need
  for the protection of these system. Here we
  discussed the use of superconductor as protective
  device for surge current protection.
  Superconductors conduct electricity, offering
  zero resistance below certain temperature. We
  study different types of superconductor as fault
  current limiter and their working.

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WHAT IS SURGE CURRENT

• The maximum instantaneous input current drawn by
  an electrical device when first it is turn ON ,
  is defined as surge current it is also known as
  inrush current or input surge current or switch
  on surge. Inrush current can be as high as 100
  times the normal steady state current and lasts
  for less than half a normal 60Hz cycle.

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Surge current waveform
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WHAT IS SUPERCONDUCTOR

• An element, inter-metallic alloy or compound that
  will conduct electricity without resistance below
  a certain temperature. The dutch physicist HEIKE
  KAMERLINGH ONNES of leiden university was the
  first person to observe superconductivity in
  mercury. Superconductivity is a phenomenon of
  exactly zero electrical resistance certain
  materials when cooled below a characteristics
  critical temperature.

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MEISSNER EFFECT
When you place a superconductor in a magnetic
field, the field is expelled below TC.
B
B
T gtTc
T lt Tc
Magnet
Currents i appear, to cancel B. i x B on the
superconductor produces repulsion.
Superconductor
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A superconductor displaying the MEISSNER EFFECT
Superconductors have electronic and magnetic
properties. That is, they have a negative
susceptibility, and acquire a polarization
OPPOSITE to an applied magnetic field. This is
the reason that superconducting materials and
magnets repel one another.
If the temperature increases the sample will lose
its superconductivity and the magnet cannot float
on the superconductor.
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TYPES OF SUPERCONDUCTOR

• Low temperature superconductor
• example - lead and mercury-common LTS
  other LTS are Ti, V, Zr, Nb etc.
• High temperature superconductor
• exmaple - YBCO, BSCCO, LSCO etc.

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STRUCTURE OF SUPERCONDUCTOR
YBCO
LSCO
BSCCO
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FAULT CURRENT LIMITER

• A fault current limiter is a device which limit
  prospective fault current when a fault occur.
  Generally FCL are superconductor FCL.
• Two major categories of FCL
• (1) resistive
• (2) inductive

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SUPERCONDUCTIVE FCL
Fault control with a FCL
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APPLICATION OF FCL

• FCLs can be applied in a number of distribution
  or transmission areas.

FCL in the main position
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FCL protect the entire bus
FCL in the bus-tie position
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ADVANTAGES

•  

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ADVANTAGE continued

• Safety, reliability, and power quality.
• Cost for C.B. and fuses can be reduced.
• Life of transformers extended.
• Reduced or eliminate wide area, blackouts.
• Provide protection to TD equipments.

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SUPERCONDUCTIVE FAULT CURRENT LIMITER CONCEPT
(1) series resistive limiter
FCL with HTS trigger coil
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(2) Inductive limiter
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FUTURE PLAN

• TEPCO will develop a three-phase limiter over the
  next three to four years and test it in the grid
  within this century. The current plan is to
  introduce solid state breakers for distribution
  before installing superconductive FCL. The true
  application for the superconducting FCL is at
  transmission voltages of 500 kV.

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REFERENCES

• IEEE transaction on applied superconductivity
• http//www.scribd.com/doc/115890153/surge-current-
  protection-using-superconductors
• http//jntuhome.com/surge-current-protection-using
  -superconductors-seminardownload-full-paper-eee-se
  minar-topics/
• http//kguru.info/t-surge-current-protection-using
  -superconductors-ppt--55999
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge_protector
• http//www.edaboard.com/thread126937.html

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CONCLUSION

• The purpose of this paper was the study of surge
  current protection using superconductors. The
  Superconductor Fault Current Limiters offers
  efficient advantages to power systems and opens
  up a major application for superconducting
  materials.

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ANY QUERIES??
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