HOME FURNISHING

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HOME FURNISHING

• Home furnishing help you to make your dream house
  come true. Every person wants their house to be a
  reflection of themselves, but don't know how to
  go about making it real. We will help them
  realize their dream of having a beautiful home.

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What are Home Furnishing?

• Home furnishings refer to the different kinds of
  linen, furniture, fittings, flooring and the
  bundle of other accessories used for decorating
  and beautifying our homes. It includes a wide
  range of bedspreads, furnishing fabrics,
  curtains, rugs, carpets, placemats, cushion
  covers, table covers, bed spreads, bath linen and
  much more.

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Planning of Home Furnishing

• Creativity-ability to produce new ideas or things
  using skill and imagination
• Art-Creating unique effect of charm in a house by
  reflecting refined and cultured taste of the
  members
• Good taste-Set up the home pleasant , agreeable,
  excelling , interesting , satisfying to ones own
  needs

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Objective of Home Furnishing

• Beauty It is the art of adjusting the space and
  equipments to suit the fundamental and cultural
  needs of the family and create a pleasant
  atmosphere. An awareness of good design and
  beauty is an integral part of the individual.
• Expressiveness the quality which differentiates
  one home from another. It reflects markedly the
  very personality of the occupants.
• Functionalism To provide comfort , service and
  pleasure apart from furniture and furnishing.
• Furniture must be arranged that it meets the
  needs as eating , sleeping , studying, relaxing
  of the family. No areas should be uncomfortable
  or uninviting ,nor bits and pieces lying around
  making movement difficult.

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Four qualities of Expressiveness

• Formality unbroken lines , large space and
  symmetrical look .House front with two vertical
  halves are alike
• Informality Bright ,warm colors and simple
  comfortable furniture .Houses express informality
  through modest size , asymmetrical balance
• Naturalness Use of native materials , native
  styles, handwork showing natural irregularities
  in structure and primitive colors
• Modernism express the spirit of modern age. The
  families who selected modern furnishing were
  associated with youth ,carriage , logical and
  impersonal traits

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Interior Decoration

• Defined as It is a creativity which can
  transform an ordinary house
• Aim
• Planning color schemes
• Overcome structural defects
• Judge quality and care of furniture
• Judge good styling , mix and match style
  harmoniously
• Helps to handle walls and drape windows
• Plan light for efficiency , beauty and aesthetic
  satisfaction
• Express individual taste and preference within
  economic limitations.

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Elements and Principles of Design and Art

• Elements
  Principles
• Line Balance
• Form Proportion
• Texture Emphasis
• Pattern Rhythm
• Light Harmony
• Space
• Color
• (To Attain) Beauty Expressiveness
  Functionalism

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Selection of Fabrics

• Style
• Color
• Durability
• Thread Count
• Fade Resisting
• Tailoring
• Form and Fibre.
• Fibre Characteristics Text Book

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Fabric Finishes

• Durable and permanent press little or no ironing
  , wrinkle free, holds oil stains unless specially
  treated.
• Soil release Fabric is more easily wetted to
  facilitate detergent action while washing. Does
  not prevent stain.
• Water Repellent Fabric repels water and water
  based stains.
• Soil and stain repellent repels water and oil
  based stain
• Crease wrinkle resistant Wrinkles less than
  normal cotton, linen, rayon
• Shrinkage control Fabric shrinkage limited to 1
  ,2 . Does nor guarantee No Shrinkage.
• Flame retardant ignited fabric will self
  extinguish when source of flame is removed.
• Fabric grades Ranges from A on the less
  expensive end, to F on the pricy side. Grade vary
  from one manufacturer to another. Depends on
  fibre , weave, construction and performance
  characteristics.
• Grade should not be an indication of quality and
  durability.

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Carpet

• Gives expensive look
• Quality depends on
• How it is made ?
• Fibre
• Quality of fibre used.
• Density of pile

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Types of Carpets

• Woven carpets Best quality weaving
• method. Piles and woven are woven together.
  Backing is of jute and polypropylene yarn and
  pile of wool, rayon, nylon.
• Tufted carpets The tufts are needled into
  polypropylene
  sheet. The tufts are locked in to place with
  latex foam or jute . If foam is used underlying
  is not used . Available in plain and pattern.
• Bonded carpets neither woven nor tufted.
  Material is glued /heat fused. Made from hand
  made fibres flat, corded or velvet pile in
  appearance.

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Carpets

• Factors to be considered while selecting a
  carpet
• Selecting the right carpet for the right area is
  very important.
• You need to check out the quality of the carpet.
• Budget is also an important issue. So, you should
  do proper research on the carpets and compare the
  prices.
• Maintenance factor should also be considered
  while selecting a carpet. A beautiful and stylish
  carpet can really add some elegance to your house
  thereby increasing its aesthetic value.
• You can give a fresh look to the décor of your
  house by placing an attractive carpet.
• The color of the carpet is a crucial issue. You
  need to select it wisely. It should match well
  with the color coding of the interior.
• Carpet comes in different colors, designs,
  patterns, shapes and sizes. You need to choose
  the one that is compatible with the décor of your
  house.

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Materials of Carpets

• Wool has excellent durability, can be dyed
  easily and is fairly abundant
• Nylon Nylon is the most common material, printed
  easily and has excellent wear characteristics.
  Nylon tends to stain easily because it possesses
  dye sites on the fibre.
• Polyster good physical properties and is
  inherently stain-resistant because it is
  hydrophobic
• Polyproplene is used to produce carpet yarns
  because it is inexpensive. Locked into place with
  latex then foam and jute sheet. Called Tufted
  Carpets
• AcrylicAcrylic is fairly difficult to dye but is
  colourfast, washable and has the feel and
  appearance of wool making it an ideal rug fabric.

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Care of Carpets

• Carpets should be daily cleaned using vacuum
  cleaners. Brooms should be used as well to get
  rid of hair (esp. pet hair, if you have cats or
  any other pets at home). 
• Wash your carpets once annually or bi-annually at
  laundry facilities. You may choose to call a
  specialized company to get an indoor cleaning for
  your carpet.
•  If the carpet gets stained with juice or any
  other similar substance, it should be washed
  immediately, with no delay, as such stains are
  harder to remove if left unwashed.
• Small carpets must be placed at the entrance of
  the house as this helps keeping dust away.

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Carpet - Terms

• Rug- A single piece of floor covering made with a
  pattern or a border with fringe.
• Area rug- Smaller rug used to emphasize an area.
• Scatter rug- Very small rug used to complement
  room .
• Wall to wall carpet- difficult to clean as it is
  difficult to shift, traffic lanes appear.

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Upholstery Fabric

• Upholstery fabric might seem pretty obvious
• such as selecting a color, the single
  biggest factor in fabric selection.
• Choose a fabric based on who will be using your
  sofa. If your pets will also be sharing your sofa
  with you, consider a microfiber fabric or leather
  as they can withstand heavy use.
• Consider fabric durability if your sofa will be
  placed in a high-traffic area of the home.
• Woven patterns hold up longer than printed ones,
  as do higher thread counts. Should be rust proof.

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Choice of fabric

• Principles of design
• Personal and family use
• Cost
• Weaving
• Utility
• Beauty
• Comfortable- stain proof
• Colour
• Wear and tear
• Durability
• Quality

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Pictures

• Select the picture in proportion to size of wall
  ,large picture for large wall and small picture
  for small walls
• Leave sufficient empty space around the picture
• Hang all pictures with the bottom edge in one
  line. Irregular hung picture looks unattractive
• Pictures to be often placed over a sofa,table or
  fire place.
• Smaller pictures can be grouped together for
  greater impact.
• Hung pictures in pleasing proportion to
  furnishings and walls create sense of balance
  and unity in interiors

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Flower Arrangements

• Arranging flowers gives you a chance to
  participate in an art activity, to express
  yourself creatively, and to make your home or
  room more livable and attractive.
• Flowers are not expensive and are very refreshing
  ,colourful and provide a lot of variety.
• Choose flowers whose color does not clash with
  colors of walls, curtains ,sofa
• Select the flower vase of appropriate size. Small
  vase for large flowers and tall vase for small
  flowers
• Place the arrangements where it can be easily
  seen and appreciated
• Keep the size of the arrangement according to the
  place it is meant for.

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Styles in Flower Arrangement

• Modern style Highly individualistic composition.
  No fixed rules and employs unorthodox materials
  for making flower arrangements.
• Greater freedom in personal expression is given
• Aim is to achieve strong, uncluttered effect with
  natural plant form,relying on contrasting
  textures and shapes for greater impact.

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Styles of Flower Arrangements

• Traditional Full symmetrical groupings of mixed
  flowers displayed in a highly decorated
  ornamental vase-colourful ,expensive . Large
  blooms and deep hues are placed in the centre
  ,pale colors are used as outline
• Round or oval arrangements depending upon setting
  and plant materials

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• Oriental style-China , Japan , Egypt has
• been practiced with great skill for many
  years.
• They are more aesthetic groups of plant
  materials.
• Symbolic presentations of an ideal harmony which
  exists between earthly and eternal life.
• Triangle arrangement

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• IKEBANA -The Japanese Art
• Used as constant decorations in Japanese home
• An indispensable part of life.
• Guest are welcomed and bought to sit and admire
  the beauty of flowers for a moment or two silence.

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Principles of Flower Arrangements

• Line Circular, triangle or rectangle.
• Form Sphere, cone and cube-depends on the plant
  material and container.
• Texture Surface of the plant material. Rose is
  velvety and zinnias is rough. There must be unity
  mong plant material, container and background
• Color One dominant color is necessary for
  emphasis unity. Analogous colour scheme is the
  best type. Complementary color scheme looks best
  in large rooms or dim lights

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• Rhythm Either slanting or upright or blossoms
  may form C or U curves. Curved stems ,leaves
  ,flower stalk, weeds and grasses can form rhythm.
• Proportion Plant material should be one and half
  times as the cylinderical container. Horizontal
  arrangements look good in shallow containers.
• Balance Symmetrical or asymmetrical.
• Emphasis Flower to be placed in the centre of
  the plant material and close to the neck of the
  container.
• Unity and harmony Between the container and
  contents are must for effective flower
  arrangements . Roses look good in glass container.

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Curtains and Draperies

• Curtains and draperies are chameleons. They work
  hard at blocking light and sound, heat and cold.
  They're also extraordinarily decorative and add
  enormous personality to a room.
• Drapes are pleated and are more formal.
• Curtains are informal and it can be easily made.
• Both can make the window more appealing with
  extended flows of fabric.

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Curtains and Draperies

• It changes the apparent size , shape and
  character of a room or the architectural
  awkwardness
• Small rooms look larger if curtains and draperies
  blend with and extend the length of walls
• Low rooms look higher if draperies go from
  ceiling to floor.
• Drapes and curtains control privacy ,light , heat
  and noise.

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Functions of Curtains and Draperies

• Help in maintaining privacy
• Control heat and light inside the room
• Absorbs and smoothen noise
• Add beauty to the room
• Help modify shape and size of the room
• Curtains hide architectural faults of the room
• Brings coziness to the room

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Curtains

• They are light weight, lined fabric that filters
  and diffuses light
• They are used alone or under drapery ,close to
  the window.
• Draw curtains Transparent and opaque mounted on
  traverse rods
• Drapes loosely hung fabrics. They are heavy
  ,opaque that can be drawn or stand idly at the
  sides of windows.
• Glass curtains Thin transparent fabrics which
  hang next to glass
• Cornice Rigid horizontal bands of several inches
  wide placed on window top to conceal curtain tops
  and rods from which they are hung

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Cornices, Valance , Ropes and Cords

• Cornices Horizontal bands several inches wide
  placed at the window top to hide curtain tops
• Valance Gathered or pleated or piece of straight
  fabric stiffened with buckram .Used to hide from
  view an ugly top part of windows.
• Ropes and Cords or Beads- Used where curtains and
  draperies are not used .Hung closely very near to
  one another as a substitute.

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Draw Curtains
Glass Curtains
Drapes
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Curtain style

• Material used for curtains should be strong ,
  durable and flexible
• Denim is strong and durable while gingham is
  informal
• Satin hangs in soft folds and dressy when woven
  of smooth silk
• Dark colored curtains stand out against light
  colored wall

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Factors that affect selection of fabric

• Texture color and pattern of the fabric
• Laundry qualities of fabric
• Cost
• Sunlight
• Durability of the fabric
• Ability to retain the shape on constant hanging
  after dry cleaning
• Resistance to insect attack

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Fabrics available in market

• Brocade-
• Damask
• Gabardine
• Gingham
• Plastic
• Satin
• Taffeta
• Velvet
• Organdy

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Draperies

• Found with glass curtains , large doorways as a
  separating part of a room.
• They are heavier and do not necessarily pull
  across the opening they cover .
• They are loosely hung.
• Used for decoration purpose

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Selection of Curtains and Draperies

• Small rooms look large if curtains and draperies
  blend with wall
• Rooms of low ceiling give an appearance of height
  if diagonal lines are used on curtains
• Plain curtains should be used in rooms that have
  more patterns in them.eg many pictures and
  pattern in furniture
• Plain curtains can be used with plain walls so as
  to give a sense of continuity and spaciousness
• When choosing curtains with patterns ,size of
  room ,general color of the furnishing should be
  kept in mind. If there are too many windows
  ,pattern of curtains should be less striking .

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Things Learnt

• Home Furnishing Planning and Objectives
• Interior Decoration
• Elements and Principles of Design and Art
• Colour and scheme
• Wall accessories
• Curtains and Draperies
• Carpets
• Furniture
• Flower arrangement

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• Lighting Measurement Terminology
• Wattage The amount of electricity consumed by a
  light sourceLumens The amount of light that a
  light source producesEfficacy Lumens per
  wattFootcandles The amount of light reaching a
  subject