Characteristics of Civilization

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Characteristics of Civilization

• 1. Advance Cities site of large volume trade
• 2. Specialized workers (skilled in one type of
  work)
• 3. Complex institutions (Govt, Law, Edu, Economy
  and Religion)
• 4. Record keeping- Calendar, Merchants, Scribes
• 5. Technology- Wheel, plow, metal, sail boat
• (Irrigationagricultural civilization)

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Maps of early Civs
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Maps of Early Civs
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Early civilization terms

• Dynasty
• Cuneiform
• Fertile Crescent
• City-State
• Hammurabis Code

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Judaism

• The Ancient Hebrews
• Monotheism and the Covenant with God
• Abraham Moses
• The Kingdom of Israel
• The Torah (Old Testament)

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The Rise and Impact of Christianity

• Roots are found in Judaism and originates in the
  same place.
• Monotheistic
• Trinity- Father, son and Holy Spirit
• Jesus Christ
• Bible, New and Old Testaments

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Islamsubmission to the will of Allah

• Prophet Mohammad
• Muslims
• Holy book Quran
• 5 pillars Basic beliefs
• Pilgrimage to Mecca
• Sunni? vs Shia? Branches of Islam
• Moors Spain
• Mosque
• The Golden Age of Islam
• - Advanced medicine
• - Advanced Mathematics
• - Advanced geography and navigation

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Hinduism

• Origins of Hinduism in India, where it is still
  found today.
• Polytheism vs. Monotheism
• Beliefs
• Reincarnation
• Caste System
• Brahman

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Buddhism

• Origins of Buddhism in India.
• The Buddha as an enlightened teacher.
• Buddhism spreads to China and East Asia.
• Beliefs
• Four Noble Truths
• Nirvana
• Desire of worldly things causes suffering

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Unification of China

• Confucius and the Social Order
• Confucianism -5 Basic relationships
• Ruler and subject
• Father and son
• Husband and wife
• Older brother and younger brother
• Friend and friend
• filial piety
• bureaucracy

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• Other Ethical Systems
• Legalism-preferred by the Qin Dynasty.
• Stressed strict adherence to the government and
  law and order.
• Daoism
• Natural order
• Dao De Jing (The Way of Virtue)
• the Way guides all things
• alchemy, astronomy and medicine
• Use of reason
• Laozi was founder

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Warring City-States

• Political structure
• A. Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Tyrants
• B. Democracy
• 1. 621bc Draco all Athenians under the
  law
• 2. 594bc Solon ended debt slavery
• 3. 500bc Cleisthenes assembly

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Athens vs. Sparta

• Sparta
• Emphasized military
• Most similar to Hitler Germany
• Athens
• Scholars, writers, artists
• Most similar to the United States political
  system

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• Athenian (greatest height Age of Pericles)
  Education
• A. Sons of wealthy families
• B. Body development important
• C. Girls educated at home
• Sparta
• A. South of Athens
• B. Military state
• C. 725 bc conquered Messenia became helots

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• Significant People
• Science/Math/Medicine Euclid, Pythagoras,
  Hippocrates
• Philosophy Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
• Drama/Comedy Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides
• Historical Accounts Herodotus, Thucydides

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Major Features of Greece and Rome

• Med. Sea
• Athens
• Rome
• Jerusalem
• Aegean Sea

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Rome

• Julius Caesar Overthrew the Republic and was
  named Dictator for life.
• Augustus First emperor of Rome brought order
  after the Civil Wars.
• Hannibal Cartheginian general who crossed the
  Alps and invaded Italy in the Punic Wars
• Causes of Roman Decline
• A. Economy weakens
• 1. trade disrupted
• 2. new sources of gold and silver
• 3. inflation, unfertile land, food shortages
  and disease
• B. Military and Political Turmoil
• 1. less disciplined and less loyal?
• 2. mercenaries?
• 3. less patriotic

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Major Kingdoms of the early Middle Ages

• Center of
• Charlemagnes
• Empire
• Headquarters of the Christian Church
• Parliament founded
• Dominated by the
• Moors

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Feudalism

• Reason for Development (Need for protection)
• Unifying force (The Christian Church)
• Growth of nation states (Stronger central
  governments, expanded trade, decrease in feudal
  power)
• Effect of the Crusades (Stimulation of trade)
• Craft Guilds (Quality standards were raised)
• The form of government in medieval Japan

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Medieval People Place

• Charlegmagne and the Franks
• Joan of Arc
• King John
• William the Conqueror
• Parliament

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Crusades

• Justinian laws
• Patriarch vs. Pope
• Emperor Alexius Comenuss Plea to
• Pope ??
• Holy Land reclaimed
• 1st 2nd or 3rd Crusade?
• Richard the Lion-Hearted vs Saladin in the
• 1st 2nd or 3rd Crusade?
• The Childrens Crusade
• Saladin the fall of Jeruesalem
• The Effects of the Crusades
• Increased trade between West East
• Increased worldview for Europeans
• Increased use of a money economy
• Initial increase in the power of the Church, but
  the result of the Crusades weakens the Churchs
  reputation.

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Changes in Medieval Society

• The Guilds
• Organization of individuals in the same business
• Merchants came together to keep prices up
• Wealth helped them gain influence over government
  and economy

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• Commercial Revolution
• Expansion of trade and finance
• Town fairs
• Trade to foreign lands
• Life in the city
• Large amounts of credit and cash
• Letters of credit
• Banking by Jews and Christians

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Mongols

• Genghis Khan
• _________ ruler
• Kublai Khan
• Conquered
• Marco Polo
• Told stories
• Kublai Khans government positions
• He trusted

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Japanese Feudalism

• Samurai
• warrior
• Emperor
• head of gov. no real power
• Daimyo
• feudal lord
• Shogun
• military commander
• Bushido
• honor code

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Han Technology and Agriculture

• Technology
• Paper for writing
• Collar harnesses allowed horses to pull more
  weight
• a two bladed plow was more efficient
• Wheelbarrow, iron tools and water mills

• Agriculture
• Population soared to 60 million
• Many people to feed

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Byzantine life

• Remaining Eastern Roman Empire
• Capital city was Constantinople.
• Preserved the Greco-Roman culture
• The home of the Orthodox Christian Church
• Justinian Created a lasting code of laws.
• Collapsed when the Ottoman ruler Mehmed the
  Conqueror took Constantinople.

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Tang Dynasty

• Dynastic cycle- Han falls Tang rises
• Reigned for over 300 years
• Expansion was key
• Dynastic cycle- Tang falls Song rises
• Reigned for over 300 years
• Dynastic cycle- Song falls to Kublai Khan (Mongol
  Ruler post Genghis)

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Tang and Song China

• Tang Dynasty lasted 300 years after the Han
• Tang and Song Innovations
• Movable type, gunpowder, paper money and magnetic
  compass
• Song Dynasty falls to Mongols

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Renaissance

• Origin and reasons for the re-birth
• Humanism
• Works of Art from
• Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael
• Northern Renaissance Artists
• Machiavelli The Prince
• Humanism Life on Earth and the afterlife are
  important.

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Renaissance People

• Galileo Telescope
• da Vinci Mona Lisa and Last Supper
• Gutenberg Printing Press
• Michelangelo Sistine Chapel
• Shakespeare English author

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Reformation

• Fundamental Causes
• Worldliness of the Catholic Church
• Luthers concerns
• Selling of Indulgences
• Martin Luthers religious doctrine Faith alone
  equals salvation
• Response to the Protestant Reformation Counter
  Reformation
• Henry VIII Needed a male heir to the throne
• Results Church was divided

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Map work

• 1. Where did the Renaissance begin?
• 2. Where did the Reformation begin?
• 3. Where did Calvin create a theocracy?
• 4. Where was the site of the creation of the
  Anglican Church?

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Reasons for Exploration

• God, Gold, Glory
• The Ottomans role in cutting off trade from the
  East and the need for new trade routes.
• The increased technology available for sea
  travel.
• The Portuguese and the Spanish lead the way.

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Explorers

• Dias Cape of Good Hope
• Magellan Circumnavigated the world
• Columbus Thought he discovered a route to Asia
• Cortez and Pizarro Conquered Mexico and Peru

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Reasons for colonization

• 1. Raw materials
• 2. Spread Christianity
• 3. Prestige

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Colonization

• England ruled Present day Eastern coast of the
  United States
• Spain ruled present day Mexico
• France ruled Present day Canada
• Portugal ruled Brazil

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Mercantilism

• self-sufficient nation
• gold/silver accumulation
• regulate trade (Exports vs. Imports) (Tariffs)
• The importance of colonies to secure raw materials

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Ancient Africa

• Cultural Contributions oral story telling,
  music, jewelry
• Tribal Government
• Mansa Musa the West African kingdoms
• Ghana
• Mali
• Songhai

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Early America

• Locate the Mayans, Aztecs and Incas
• Importance of Pizarro and Cortez
• Be able to explain the characteristics of the
  three great Early American civilizations