Leghemoglobin

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Leghemoglobin

• Loretta Ashu, Japhia Jacobo, Salwa Qadri

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Leghemoglobin

• Oxygen transport protein
• Nitrogen-fixing plants (Fabaceae)
• Roots infected with Rhizobacterium
• Used to maintain the oxygen concentration in the
  roots

http//academic.reed.edu/biology/Nitrogen/images/p
art2/bigF2.jpg
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Leghemoglobin

• Most commonly found in legumes (pea family)
• Soybean Leghemoglobin
• Scientific name Glycine Max

http//www.cintdis.org/images/Legumes.jpg
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Ecological Significance

• Symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing
  bacteria
• Able to proliferate in low nitrogen levels
• Can increase nitrogen levels for other plants
• Often used for bioremediation

http//www.uhdp.org/img/Photo/Response04_b.jpg
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Leghemoglobin formation
http//www.science.siu.edu/microbiology/micr425/42
5Notes/12-NitrFix.html
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Impact on nitrogen cycle
http//media.wiley.com/Lux/97/8397.nfg037.jpg
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Protein Information

• Goblin Family mainly constitutes of alpha
  helices
• Contains a heme group with an attached Nicotinic
  acid group
• Anaglous to Mygolbin
• Close chemical and structural similarities to
  myglobin
• Discovered by Artturi Ilmari Virtanen in 1948

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Secondary Structure
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Secondary Structure Explored

• 2 identical amino acid chains
• 143 residues per chain
• 14 alpha helices per chain
• No Beta Sheets

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Predicted Secondary Sequence
GOR4
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Predicted Secondary Structure

• PELE

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Predicted Secondary Structure

• ChouFas

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Heme Group
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Heme Group

• High affinity to oxygen
• Prosthetic Group Contains an Fe
• C34H34O4N4Fe
• Heme b Most abundant Heme Group

http//pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cg
i?cid444098
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Nicotinic acid on heme
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Nicotinic acid

• Modulates uptake of oxygen
• NIO inhibits uptake of oxygen
• When oxygen is in high concentrations able to
  bind to heme

http//www.bmrb.wisc.edu/metabolomics/gen_metab_su
mmary_5.php?molNameniacin
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Residues in contact with Heme

• TYR Tryosine
• 2 HIS Histidine
• Also close to the heme site
• VAL
• SER
• PHE

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Integral membrane protein?

• GREASE

NO
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Integral membrane protein?

• TMAP

• RESULTS from program TMAP, edition 52
•  
• NO TRANSMEMBRANE SEGMENTS PREDICTED.

NO
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Integral membrane protein?

• TMHMM

NO
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Structural Motifs

• 2 Protein kinase C phosphorylation Site
• Phosphoylation serine or threonine on C-terminus
  Side
• 2 Casein kinase II phosphorylation site
• Phosphorylates many different proteins
• Tryosine kinase phosphorylation site
• Lys or Arg 7 residues on N-terminus side
• Asp or Glu 3-4 residues from Try on N-terminus
• N-myristoylation Site
• Proteins acylated by myristate on N-terminus side
  of amide linkage

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Phylogeny

• Homologous to

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Rooted Tree
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UnRooted tree with Bootstrap Values
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Multiple Sequence Alignment
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Structure alignmentCo Form Hemoglobin of
HoundShark
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Human Cytoglobin
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Extracellular Giant Hemoglobin of Gutless Beard
Worm
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Hagfish Deoxy Hemoglobin
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Parrot Hemoglobin
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Escherichia Coli Flavohemoglobin
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Datbases Used

• Protein explorer
• Protein Data Bank
• Biology WorkBench and Algorithms
• GenBack
• PubMeb
• NCBI
• PDB Viewer
• Biomedical Research Commiunity

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Resources

• Extracted Leghemoglobin http//academic.reed.edu/b
  iology/Nitrogen/images/part2/bigF2.jpg Ret. Apr
  2008
• Legumes. http//www.cintdis.org/images/Legumes.jpg
  acc. Apr 2008
• BioRemdiation with Legumes http//www.uhdp.org/img
  /Photo/Response04_b.jpg acc. Apr 2008
• Rhizobacterium Nitrogen Fixation
  http//www.science.siu.edu/microbiology/micr425/42
  5Notes/12-NitrFix.html Ret. Apr 2008
• Nitrogen Cycle. http//media.wiley.com/Lux/97/8397
  .nfg037.jpg Ret. Apr 2008
• Kundu, S., Trent, J. T. III., Hargrove, M.
  S..2003 Plants, humans and hemoglobins Trends
  in Plant science. Vol 88 pg 387-393.
• Heme. http//pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/sum
  mary.cgi?cid444098 Ret. Apr 2008
• Legumes. http//www.ecora.ro/images/Legume/legume
  .jpg Ret. Apr 2008
• Nicotinic Acid. http//pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/su
  mmary/summary.cgi?cid938 Ret. Apr 2008