BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

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BIOINDICATIONIN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
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Biological Methods to Assess Water Quality

• Physiological methods experimental - ecological
  methods
• Ecological methods
• descriptive - analytic field methods
• 
  

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Physiological Methods Biotests

• Activity of particular metabolic features of the
  sample
• Effect of the sample on the bioactivity of
  exposed organism

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Ecological Methods Bioindication

• Community of organism reflects the situation of
  the ecosystem
• Single Taxa have specific optima and tolerance
  ranges for selected environmental factor
• Bioindicators

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Longitudinal river zonation
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Macroinvertebartes

• Caddis fly larvea
• May fly larvea
• Limpet
• Stone fly larvea
• Water flea
• Troute eggs

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Wast Water Impact
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Saprobity

• Amount of decompositionable organic material
• Biomass and metabolic rate bacteria

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Tolerance Range

• Euryoecious
• Stenoecious

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Tolerance Range

• Euryoecious
• Stenoecious

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Macroinvertebrates
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Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators

• Stenoecious

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Stone Fly Larvae (Plecoptera)
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Caddis Fly Larvae (Trichoptera)
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May Fly Larvae (Ephemeroptera)
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Water Flea (Amphipoda, Gammarus)
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Freshwater Isopode (Isopoda)
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Leech (Hirudinea)
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Non-biting midge larvae (Chironomida)
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Worm (Tubifex, Oligochaeta)
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Macroinvertebrate Index Index of Saprobity

• 1908 Kolkwitz and Marson
• Categories of Saprobity
• 1955 Pantle and Buck
• Index of Saprobity

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Index of Saprobity
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Trophy

• Intensity of Primary Production

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Grades of Trophy

• Oligotrophiclow intensity of primary production
• Mesotrophic
• moderate intensity of primary production
• Eutrophic
• high intensity of primary production

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Macrophyts
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Macrophyt Index MI

• Developed by Arnulf Melzer 1976, 1988
• Lake Ostersee
• Numerous Baverian lakes

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Macrophytes

• Long live cycles
• Slow reaction time concerning changes of the
  environment
• A large number of species have specific optima
  and tolerance for the phosphate concentration
• Assessment of trophic situation with macrophytes

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Lake Osterseen
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Lake Osterseen
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Lake Osterseen Phosphorus concentration
e
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Lake OsterseenTransparency Secchi Depth
e
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Hippuris vulgaris
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Myriophyllum spicatum
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Chara hispida
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Indicator Groups I
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Indicator Groups II
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Indicator Groups III
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Apperance-Abundance-Quantity
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Macrophyt Index
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Makrophyten Index Osterseen
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Macrophyt Index Lake Chiemsee
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Macrophyt Index Lake Chiemsee
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Diatoms
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Diatoms

• Short live cycles
• Fast reaction time concerning changes of the
  environment very sensitiv
• A large number of species specific optima and
  tolerance for the phosphate concentration
• Assessment of trophic situation with diatoms

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Abundance
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Diatom Index
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Combination of MI and DI
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• Macrophyts
• are long-term Indictors to assess the trophic
  situation

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• Diatoms
• are short-term Indictors to assess the trophic
  situation

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TP - Categories
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Index Categories
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Study Site
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Prognosis Model
Macrophyt long term indicator
Diatom short term indicator
in the past - water quality -
today