Summary Slide

1
Welcome Swagatam
Hindu Students Council
2
Hindu Contributions to Humanity

• Beginning of Hindu Scientific Thought
• Concept of Time and Astronomy
• Physics, Chemistry, Metallurgy
• Mathematics
• Language and Grammar
• Science and Education

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Hindu Contributions to Humanity

• Engineering (Ship Building, Navigation)
• Philosophy and Yoga
• Ayurveda and Surgery

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Beginning of Hindu Scientific Thought

• Hindu thought and systems can be traced back to
  at least 10,000 years
• The oldest book known to mankind is the RgVed.
• Knowledge was developed over thousands of years
  by various Rishis, philosophers, poets and
  engineers at well established schools

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Chronology of the pre-historic period of India
7000-4000 BC Vedic Age 3750 BC End of
Rig Vedic Age 3000 BC End of
Ramayana-Mahabharat Period 3000-2000 BC
Development of Saraswati-Sindhu (Indus)
Civilization 2200-1900 BC Decline
of Indus and Saraswati
Civilization 2000-1500 BC Mahaveer, Buddha,
Chanakya, Maurya 1400-250 BC Shankaracharya,
Gupta
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Chatur Dasha Vidya or 14 Books of Knowledge
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References

• Mahabharat, Ramayan, Purana
• Texts from various Rishi traditions
• Srimad Bhagavata
• The Dharmasastra
• Chanakya Neeti

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Concept of Time

• There were very advanced Hindu astronomers in 600
  B.C. The Vedas contain an account of the
  dimensions of Earth, Sun, Moon, Planets and
  Galaxies.
• Emmelin Plunret,
• in Calendars and Constellation

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Vedic AstronomyHighest and Smallest Units of Time

• Maha Kalpa or Brahma Ayu
• is the largest Unit of Time
• 311,040,000,000,000 solar years.
• TRUTI
• is the smallest Unit of Time
• 33,750th part of a Second

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Vedic AstronomySmall Units of Time

• TRUTI smallest unit of TIME 33,750th fraction
  of a second
• 100 Truti 1 Tatpara
• 45 Tatpara 1 Nimesha
• 3 Nimesh 1 Vipala
• 60 Vipalas 1 Pala
• 60 Palas 1 Ghatika

• Divisions of a Day
• 60 Ghatikas 1 Ahoratra 1 Day
• 10 Vipalas 1 Prana
• 4 seconds
• 2 Ghatikas 1 Muhurta
• 2.5 Ghatikas 1 Hora
• 1 Hour

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Vedic AstronomyMedium Units of Time

• 7 Divas 1 Saptah
• 15 Divas 1 Paksha
• 2 Paksha 1 Maas
• 2 Maas 1 Ritu
• 4 Maas 1 Chatur Maas
• 6 Maas 1 Ayana
• 12 Maas 1 Varsha
• 2 Ayanas - Uttarayana
• Dakshinayana

• 2 Paksas- Shukla - Krishna
• 6 Ritus
• - Vasant, Gresshma,
• - Varsha, Sharad,
• - Hemant, Sishir

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Vedic AstronomyHigher Units of Time

• New Year day in Europe till recently was in March
  - to coincide with Chandra Maas of Hindus.
• Gregorian Calendar that we use was introduced by
  Pope Gregory XIII in 1582

• Hindu New Year Day
• 14 April - Saurya Maas
• Mid March - Chandra Maas
• Christmas or 25 Dec was Sankranti or Mid Winter
  Festival of the Pagan Scottish people till 10th
  century before the advent of Christianity.

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Measurement of Time

• Bhaskaracharya Surya Siddhanta
• Earth to orbit the sun
• 365.2587 56484 days
• 365.2596 days Modern accepted time
• Mahabharat (3138 B.C.)
• Eclipses, Meteors, Comets

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Physics, Chemistry, Metallurgy
The Vedas contain not only religious ideas for a
perfect life, but also facts which science has
proved true. Electricity, radium, electronics,
airship, all were known to the seers who founded
the Vedas. Wheeler Wilcox, in India, the land
of the Vedas
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Vedic PhysicsMeasurement of Length

• 8 Paramanu 1 Trasarenu
• 8 Trasarenu 1 Renu
• 8 Renu 1 Balagna
• 8 Balagna 1 Likhya
• 8 Likhya 1 Yuka
• 8 Yuka 1 Yava
• 8 Yava 1 Angula
• 24 Angula 1 Hasta
• 4 Hasta 1 Danda

• 2000 Danda 1 Krosha
• 4 Krosha 1 Yojana
• 1 Danada 1 Metre
• 1Angula 1.0416 cm
• Circumference of earth - Sulva Sidhanta and
  Modern Science are same
• 4.02x107 Danda
• 4 X 107 Metre

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Vedic PhysicsMeasurement of Mass

• 10 Krishnala 1 Maasha
• 16 Maasha 1 Suvarna Pala (Gold Pala)
• 32 Maasha 1 Raupya Pala (Silver Pala)
• 48 Maasha 1 Lauha Pala (Iron Pala)
• Other forms of Weight were also in usage

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Vedic PhysicsTemperature (Linka)

• 1 Pralinka 1 Padakakshya 0.885o C
• 4 Pada Kakshya 1 Kakshya 3.54o C
• 6 Kakshya 1 Linka 21.24o C
• 113 Pada Kakshya Boiling Pt of water 100o C
• 101 Kakshya Boiling Pt of Mercury 357o C
• 50 Linka Boiling Point of Gold 1062o C
• The temp between Freezing Pt of Water and
• Melting Pt of Gold is divided into 50 Linkas

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Vedic PhysicsSpeed of Light

• 1300 AD
• Saayanaacharya
• PM of Vijayanagar Emperor Bukka I
• Speed of Light
• 2,202 Yojanas in half Nimesha
• 186,536 miles per second
• West only in 17 century !!

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Mahabharata and PuranasAstonishing Details

• Air and Space Travel
• Embryo Transplantation
• Multiple Births from same Embryo
• Weapons of Mass Destruction
• Travel thru domains- Time is slowed
• Other Galaxies and Universes
• Quantum Potential

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Kanada First Expounder of Law of Causation and
Atomic Theory

• Ten books known as Vaisesika Darshana
• About 1900 years old
• First to explore the relation between Cause and
  Effect
• Identified atoms (Parmanu) as the build blocks
  of matter
• Defined chemical action (Paka)

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Atomic Physics

• After the conversations about Indian Philosophy,
  some of the ideas of Quantum Physics that had
  seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense.
• W.HEISENBERG
• (German Physicist. 1901-1976)

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Chemistry and Metallurgy

• They knew how to manufacture iron and steel
• Coins were made in the 8th Century BC using
  smelting technology
• Image of Nataraja was made using Panchadhatu

• Ancient Hindus knew how to prepare Sulphuric
  Acid, Nitric Acid and oxides of copper, iron and
  lead
• Diamonds were first mined in India
• Gun Powder was first made in India (Ramayan and
  Puraan)

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Mathematics

• We owe a lot to Indians, who taught us how to
  count, without which no worthwhile scientific
  discovery could have been made.
• Albert Einstein

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Shunya or the Concept of Zero

• The concept of zero and decimal was discovered by
  Hindu sages in Bharat
• Sankedia Copper Plate, Brahmagupta Siddhanta,
  Pingalas Chand Sutra
• The concept of Infinity (Fullness)
• Ishaawasya Upanishad

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Vedic Mathematics

• By ancient Hindu Mathematics called Vedic
  Mathematics, one can solve most mathematical
  problems by mental one or two lines.

Aryabhatta
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Binary Numbers (Computers)

• The concept of binary numbers used by computers
  for all calculations existed in Hindu scriptures
  thousands of years ago. A number in binary format
  is either 1 (it exists) or 0 (it does not
  exist). All numbers are combinations of 1 and 0.
  Our Upanishads say, "all creation is combination
  of existence (1) or nonexistence (0)".

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Vedic Algebra in Sulbha Sutras (Baudhayana)

• Brahma Gupta (598 AD) - Solutions to simple,
  simultaneous, quadratic equations
• 850 AD Mahaviracharya general formula for nCr
• 1001 AD Sridharacharya Quadratic Eqn

• 1114 AD Bhaskara II
• CHAKRAVALA Cyclic method to solve Indeterminate
  Eqns
• Nx2 1 y2
• (61x2 1y2) 10 digits
• Euler 1732 AD solved it 600 years later

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Language and Grammar

• The Sanskrit language, whatever be its
  antiquity, is of wonderful structure, more
  perfect than the Greek, more copious than the
  Latin and more exquisitely refined than either.
• Sir William Jones
• (British Orientalist. 1746-1794)

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Sanskrit - Mother of Languages

• Oldest language in history
• most Beautifully Structured language
• Best suited for Natural Language Processing
• Power of expressing all types of thought in
  appropriate terminology
• mythology, literature, science, poetry, prose,
  philosophy, astronomy, anatomy, genetics,
  mathematics and cosmology.

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Richness of Sanskrit

• Amazing wealth of Words and Synonyms
• 65 original words for Earth
• 70 original words for Water
• Water
• Vaaha, Vaari, payaha, amrutam, pushkaram, toyam,
  Aapaha, ambu, somam, vyoma, ksharam, neeram,
  ghrutam, jalam, ksheeram, meghapushpam

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Sanskrit (??????? ) Sanskrit was the classical
language of India, older than Hebrew and Latin.
It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic
language in the world. It became the language of
all cultured people in India and in the countries
that were influenced by India. Sanskrit literally
means refined or perfected
Sanskrit word English meaning Sanskrit meaning
matar pitar bhratar svasar gyaamti trikonamiti dvaar ma naman smi eka mother papa / father brother sister geometry trigonometry door me name smile equal 'measuring the earth 'measuring triangular forms first person pronoun the same
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Ancient Grammarians

• Patanjalis systematic study
• Katyayana

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India's ancient achievements in Medical Science
Knowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference
Artificial Limb RigVed (1-116-15) 20th Century
Number of Chromosomes (23) Mahabharat (5500 BCE) 1890 A.D.
Combination of Male and Female Shrimad Bhagwat 20th Century
Analysis of Ears RigVed Labyrinth
Beginning of the Foetal Heart Eitereya Upanishad -(6000 BCE) Robinson, 1972
Parthenogenesis Mahabharat 20th Century
Test Tube Babies ( from the ovum only) Test Tube Babies ( from the sperm only) Mahabharat Not possible yet Not possible yet
Elongation of Life in confirmed Space Travel Shrimad Bhagwat Not yet
Cell Division (in 3 layers) Shrimad Bhagwat 20th Century
Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE) 19th Century
Micro-organisms Mahabharat 18th Century
A material producing a disease can prevent or cure the disease in minute quantity S-Bhagwat (1-5-33) Haneman, 18th Century
Developing Embyro in Vitro Mahabharat 20th Century
Life in trees and plants Mahabharat Bose, 19th Century
16 Functions of the Brain Eitereya Upanishad 19th 20th Century
Definition of Sleep Prashna-Upanishad Yogsootra Cunavidhi 20th Century
Chromosomes (Mahabharat)(5500 BCE) 1860 1910 A.D.
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India's ancient achievements in Physical Science
Knowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference
Velocity of Light RigVed - Sayan Bhashya (1400 A.D) 19th Century
Trans-Saturnean Planets Mahabharat (5500 BC) 17-19th Century
Space Travel to another solar system Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 BC) Under trials
Gravitational Force (Prashnopanishad) (6000 B.C) Shankaracharya (500 B.C) 17th Century
Ultraviolet Band Sudhumravarna - (Mundakopanishad - M.U) ----
Infra-Red Band Sulohita (M.U) ----
Tachyons faster than light Manojava (Mundakopanishad) Sudarshan, 1968
Nuclear Energy Spullingini (Mundakopanishad) 20th Century
Black Holes Vishvaruchi(Mundakopanishad) 20th Century
Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE) 19th Century
Monsoon at Summer Solstice RigVed (23720 B.C) ----
Entry in South America by Aeroplanes Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C) ----
Phosphorescent Trident at the Bay of Pisco, Peru, S.America Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C) 1960 A.D.
Aeroplanes RigVed,Ramayana,Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ----
Robot Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ----
Atom (Divisible) (Indivisible) Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 B.C.) 1800 A.D.
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Ayurveda

• Our present knowledge of the nervous system fits
  in so accurately with the internal description of
  the human body given in the Vedas (5000 years
  ago). Then the question arises whether the Vedas
  are really religious books or books on anatomy of
  the nervous system and medicine.
• B.G.Rele, in The Vedic Gods

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Ancient Indian MedicineAyurved

• Ashwini Kumars, Dhanvantari, Sushrut, Charak
• Trigunas Tridhatus
• Rani Vishpala artificial limbs

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Branches of Ayurveda
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AyurvedTypes of Treatments
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Surgery

• The surgery of the ancient Indian physicians was
  bold and skillful. A special branch of surgery
  was devoted to rhinoplasty or operations for
  improving deformed ears, noses and forming new
  ones, which European surgeons have now borrowed.
• SIR W. HUNTER (British Surgeon)

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Plastic Surgery 2,600 years ago

• Sushruta 600 BCE
• father of surgery and Plastic surgery
• used cheek skin to restore/ reshape nose, ears,
  lips
• Modern Rhinoplasty is called Indian Plastic
  Surgery
• 125 types of surgical instruments
• (Scalpels, lancets, needles, catheters, rectal
  speculums)

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Sushruta 600 BCE 300 Different Operations

• Sushruta has described
• more than 300 types of operations
• 42 surgical processes
• Surgery divided into 8 types

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Sushruta 600 BCE 8 Types of Surgery

• Aahaaryam extracting solid bodies
• Bhedyam excision
• Chhedyam incision
• Aeshyam probing

• Lekhyam
• scarification
• Vedhyam puncturing
• Visraavyam
• evacuating fluids
• Seevyam suturing

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Philosophy

• I have made the Gita as the main source of my
  inspiration and guide for the purpose of
  scientific investigations and formation of my
  theories.
• Albert Einstein

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7 Hindu Philosophical Systems

• Nyaya Vaisesika
• Sankhya Yoga
• Purva Mimamsa of Prabhakara Misra
• Purva Mimamsa of Kumarila Bhatta
• Advaita Vedanta of Sri Sankara
• Vishistadvaita Vedanta of Sri Ramanuja
• Dvaita Vedanta of Sri Madhva

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Yoga

• The science of yoga meditation had been taught by
  the ancient, sages, gurus, yogis, through oral
  tradition for thousands of years, they were
  finally put to Sanskrit by Patanjali in 500 b.c.
  Pre-eminent among them, even today, are the sages
  of the Himalayas.

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YOGA
Yoga originated in India more than 5000 years
ago. Sage Patanjali
8 limbs of Yoga are Yama and Niyama (moral code
of conduct), Asana (postures), Prayayam
(breathing exercise), Pratyahar (control of
senses) Dharana (concentration), Dhyan
(meditation), Samadhi (Union)
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Arts and Education

• India is the cradle of the human race, the
  birthplace of human speech, the mother of
  history, grandmother of legend, and great grand
  mother of tradition. Our most valuable and most
  instructive materials in the history of man are
  treasured up in India only."
• Mark Twain (Writer, 1835 - 1910)

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Worlds First UniversityTakshashila - 700 BCE

• Students from Babylonia, Greece, Syria, Arabia
  and China
• 68 streams of knowledge
• 10,500 students above 16 years of age
• Professors included Kautilya, Paanini, Vishnu
  Sharma, Jivak

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Nalanda University
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Ancient Military ScienceDHANUR VED

• Vishwamitra, Dronacharya, Parashuram
• Astra, Shastra Niyudhha
• 3 Types of Shastra - Mukta,
  Amukta, Muktaa-mukta
• Astra is Shastra Mantra
• Mal-yudha, Kalari Payittu, Karate
• Vyuha, Durg, Vayu Sena, Nav Sena

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Ancient Indian ArtGANDHARVA VED

• 64 Arts Chatush Shashti Kalamayi
• Indrajal, Samudrika Lakshanam, Antadi, Samasya
  Purnam, Ratna Pariksha
• Krishi Sashtra, Paak Sashtra

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Town Planning in the Ancient Civilization
Mohenjodaro is three miles in circumference which
held about 40,000 people. The citadel was about
fifty feet high. What is probably the earliest
example yet known of city design on a regular
pattern.
Mohanjadaro City (5000 years ago) Baked brick
walls. Layout with roads.
Wells to supply baths and an elaborate drainage
system throughout the area attest advanced
technical skills.
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Ancient Indian EngineeringSTHAAPATHYA VED

• Temples in India, Angkor Wat in Cambodia
  Suryavarman 10th century.
• Temples in Borobudur and Prambanan in Indonesia

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Seer Veerabhogyo Vasundhara

• Knowledge, Wisdom and Non-violence do not sustain
  nations.
• Military strength, Political Power and economic
  strength are essential to defend any country and
  its culture

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Proud to be a Hindu

• Hindus have significantly contributed to the
  world, materially as well as spiritually.
• Let us rightfully feel proud as Hindus !
• Let us continue our contributions