Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems

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Institutional Arrangements and Organizational
Structures

• Session 1World Bank Institute Katherine Kelman

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How are National Disaster Management Systems
Organized?

• Maintain formal and informal interaction
  between institutions, financial
  mechanisms, regulations and policies
• Engage senior government policymakers AND
  accommodating and supporting local
  decision-making and private market
  initiatives
• Balance centralized (top-down) and
  decentralized (bottom-up) approaches

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How are National Disaster Management Systems
Organized? contd.

• Address both the ex ante (pre-disaster) and ex
  post (post-disaster) phases of the risk
  management cycle
• However, they demand distinct technical and
  administrative approaches.
• Tailor organization to the nature of federal or
  intergovernmental relations within the country.
• National governments usually play a major role in
  risk identification, risk transfer, and
  rehabilitation and reconstruction.
• Local governments, often with the help of NGOs,
  are involved in risk mitigation, preparedness and
  emergency response.

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Building and Strengthening National Systems for
Disaster Prevention and Response

• An integrated, cross-sectoral network of
  institutions addressing all the phases of
  risk reduction and disaster recovery
  requires
• Policy and planning
• Reform of legal and regulatory frameworks
• Coordination mechanisms
• Strengthening of participating institutions
• National action plans for mitigation policies,
  and institutional development.
• The organizational approach is also important
• Reactive vs. proactive approach to risk
  management.
• Powers and responsibilities concentrated in
  center vs. hierarchically distributed.
• Interaction between the levels coercive vs.
  cooperative.

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Designing Effective National Disaster Management
Systems

• Have an explicit national disaster strategy that
  is integrated into other national policies,
  such as
• Environmental, poverty, development
• Integrate key players in the national disaster
  management process, such as
• Finance ministry, local community leaders, NGOs,
  and private market actors
• Make provisions to ensure sufficient resources
  for key players to carry out their
  responsibilities, such as
• Continual risk assessment
• Country-wide risk transfer
• Mutual aid agreements with other levels of
  government
• Extended partnerships

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Philippines - Elements of An Effective Response
Operation
COMMAND AND CONTROL
LAW ENFORCEMENT
EVACUATION AND RELIEF
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
FIRE SUPPRESSION
SEARCH AND RESCUE
DAMAGE AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT
VOLUNTEER RESPONSE GROUPS / AUXILLIARIES
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Typical Organizational Structure
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Country Approaches to Disaster Management Systems

• Risk management receives the attention of those
  responsible for long-term economic planning and
  is integrated into the planning process when
• Disasters are considered as part of the
  development process
• Ineffective systems fail to develop long-term
  sustainable support for members activities
• Successful systems take advantage of the existing
  government structures and involve
• National, provincial, local, and community
  government
• Ministries and other institutions

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Incorporating Key Players Is Important

• Finance ministries
• Help ensure funding for the institutional
  framework
• Facilitate incorporation of disaster management
  into development policy
• Provide incentives for financing mitigation
  projects.
• Communities
• Local communities provide impetus for national
  disaster management when political motivation
  flags
• Local level feedback is important in the disaster
  management process.
• International aid and financial institutions
• Policies and the incentives they create for
  countries can make or break the establishment of
  national disaster risk programs.

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Incorporating Key Players, contd.

• Private sector risk transfer providers
• Provide individuals and communities with a range
  of options for transferring disaster risk ex-ante
  through insurance, catastrophe hedges, etc.
• Create incentives for mitigation and prevention
• Can team up with governments to devise affordable
  insurance schemes
• Military
• Traditionally in control of civil defense

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Philippines National Disaster Coordinating
Councils ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK
NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL
17 REGIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
79 PROVINCIAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
113 CITY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
41,956 BARANGAY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
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Becoming Integrated into Policies and National
Systems

• Requires political will
• Requires a constituency beyond disaster
  specialists
• Needs to reflect the preferences of the
  population, such as when legislated through a
  participatory process
• Needs to reflect correctly assessed risks through
  cooperation with researchers

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