Indian Nations, Tribal Sovereignty, and Tribal Government

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Indian Nations,Tribal Sovereignty, and Tribal
Government

• American Government
• Mr. Walters

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Wisconsin has 11 Different Groups 6 Different
Tribes More Reservations than any other state
east of the Mississippi River
Courtesy of WI DPI
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Sovereignty and the concept of Trust

• Laid down by Constitution
• North West Ordinance (1787)
• Supreme Court Rulings
• - Johnson v. McIntosh (1823)
• -Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
• -Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
• And Treaties

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Sovereignty and the concept of Trust

• Sovereignty the right to rule/govern oneself
• Trust The ownership of land in trust was in the
  hands of a person with responsibility to manage
  it for the benefit of another person

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Sovereignty
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Citizenship

• Citizenship wasnt granted to American Indians
  until 1924
• Greatly due to service in WWI
• Is this considered dual-citizenship?

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Major Treaties in WI

• Treaty of 1825, Prairie du Chien
• The Pine Tree Treaty, 1837
• The Copper Treaty, 1842
• The Wisconsin Death March Removal to Sand Lake
• Treaty of 1854

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Treaties in WI
Map of the Ceded Territory and some current
Ojibwe Reservations
From GLIFWC
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Removal to Sandy Lake
Image From Patti Loews, Native People of
Wisconsin
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A Message from the President
Great nations like great men must keep their
word. When America says something, America means
it, whether a treaty or an agreement or a vow
made on marble steps. - Inaugural Address,
George Bush January 20, 1989
Not the current President
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Congressional Acts Dealing with American Indian
Politics

• Major Crimes Act (1885)
• Dawes Act/Allotment Act (1887)
• Wheeler Howard Act/Indian Reorganization Act
  (1924)

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Effects of the 1854 Treaty and Allotments
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The IRA
Title I est. tribal governments patterned much
like American Govt. with constitutions, tribal
laws, chartered tribal businesses Title II
education, Indian preference in the BIA Title
III repeals allotment system, money for new
trust lands Title IV est. tribal court system
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American Indian Movement
After WWII and with urbanization there is a major
shift. In the 1960s, with the Civil Rights
Movement in full action, American Indians start
up their own civil rights organizations
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American Indian MovementIn Wisconsin
1970 AIM helps members of LCO take over the NSP
Dam in Winter, WI. This eventually leads to
government support and settlement
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Treaties and Rights in WI
All Paintings by Seth Eastman
We wish to hold on to a tree where we get our
livingthe Indians wish to reserve the privilege
of hunting and fishing
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Treaties and Rights in WI
-1974 The Tribble Brothers are arrested for
exercising their reserved rights -1978 Fed.
Court Rules against LCO -1983 Appeals court
reverses ruling -Supreme Court turns back States
Appeal -PARR and STA interfere
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Treaties and Rights in WI
The Opposition
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With spearing, GLIFWC was formed Helps regulate
reserved rights Works with and cross-deputized
with state DNR
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Common Myths

• We gave them their Reservations
• Treaties are old pieces of paper and are no
  longer valid
• Indians receive special rights
• They American Indians lost their land fighting
  against the U.S. Government
• They dont pay taxes
• Indians get money for being Indian