Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan

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Lesson 2
Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan
(Excerpt)
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Objectives of Teaching

1. To comprehend the whole text
2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions
3. To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences
4. To understand the structure of the text
5. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the
   passage.

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Important and difficult points

• 1.The separation of the anti-Japanese psychology
  of the Chinese students with the authors
  repentance for the A-bomb cataclysm.
• 2. What is a narration?
• 3. The understanding and comprehension of the
  contradiction between the sorrowful mentality of
  the author and the humorous language of the text.
  
• 4. Some useful expressions such as to be
  preoccupied, to be oblivious, and etc.

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Background Information

• Japan
• National Name Nippon
• Geography Four main islands Honshu (??),
  Hokkaido (???), Kyushu (??), and Shikoku (??)
• Area 371,857 sq.km.
• Population 122,700,000 (1988).
• Capital Tokyo

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Background Information

• Sept.1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. France and
  Britain declared war on Gr. immediately,
  officially beginning World War II
• Jun.22, 1941 Gr. invaded USSR
• Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbour
• Sept. 1943 Italy surrendered
• May. 7, 1945 Gr. surrendered unconditionally

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Background Information

• Aug. 6, 1945 the first A-bomb exploded in
  Hiroshima
• Aug. 8, 1945 USSR declared war on Japan and
  occupied Manchuria
• Aug. 9, 1945 the dropping of the second A-bomb on
  Nagasaki
• Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender

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Background Information

• Atomic Bomb
• The explosion produces great amounts of heat, a
  shock wave and intense radiation. The region of
  the explosion becomes radioactively contaminated
  and radioactive products may be deposited
  elsewhere as fallout.
• image-1 (??????)

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Background Information

• At 815 a.m. on August 6, 1945, by order of
  President Truman, the first Atomic bomb,
  nicknamed Little Boy was exploded over a point
  near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying almost
  everything with a radius of 830-1,450 meters.

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Background Information

• The damage beyond this area was considerable, and
  over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many
  more later died of injuries and the effects of
  radiation. Casualties numbered nearly 130,000.

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Background Information

• Survivors are still dying of leukaemia,
  pernicious anaemia and other diseases induced by
  radiation. Almost 98 of the buildings were
  destroyed or severely damaged.

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Background Information

• The Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima to
  peace. A destroyed area named "Peace City" has
  been set aside as a memorial. A peace Park was
  built. A special hospital built here treats
  people suffering from exposure to radiation and
  conducts research into its effects.
• image-1(??????????)

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Questions for the understanding of the text

• 1. What is the author? What does he come to
  Hiroshima for?
• 2. How did he get to Hiroshima?
• 3. What was weighing heavily on his mind?
• 4. Why did he call his trip to Hiroshima a far
  great adventure?

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Questions for the understanding of the text

• 5. How did the author get to the City Hall?
• 6. What impression do you have about the cab
  driver?
• 7. How did the author describe the city, why?
• 8. Why did the usher heave a long almost musical
  sigh? What effect does this have on you?
• 9. What is the general atmosphere of this part?

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Questions for the understanding of the text

• 10. What do you imagine the mayor looked like?
• 11. Why did he again sense the emotion that had
  crushed him at the station?
• 12. Why was it difficult for him to ask why they
  were gathered at that specific place?
• 13. Why did the Americans and Germans seem just
  as inhibited as he was?

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Questions for the understanding of the text

• 14. What do you imagine the faces looked like
  each time the name of Hiroshima was repeated?
• 15. Why do you think the author repeatedly
  reminds us of the serious appearances and the
  psychology of the westerners?
• 16. What do you think the author expected the
  mayor to say?

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Writing Style

• Narration
•  The telling of a story.
• A good narration has a beginning, a middle and
  an end.

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Writing Style

• In a narrative writing, the actions or the
  incidents, events are generally presented in
  order of their occurrence, following the natural
  time sequence of the happenings, It is called to
  be in Chronological order.
• But it can also start in the middle or at some
  other point in the action and move backward to
  the earlier happenings. This is called flashback.

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Writing Style

• There are three basic components of a narration
• a. Plot the frame of the writing, which consists
  of a series of events. There are usu. one or
  several climaxes, the highest point of the story,
  with suspensions, conflicts, to arouse the
  interest of the audience. After the climax is
  reached, the story quickly moves to a conclusion.

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Writing Style

• b. Characters the leading character is called
  the hero or protagonist.
• c. Background the time and place of the story
• The plot usually dominates narration, however,
  some narratives focus on character or theme or
  atmosphere.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 1. slip to move glidingly, smoothly, secretly or
  unnoticed
•  2. lump a mass of sth. solid without a special
  size or shape
• a lump of lead, sugar
• Black coffee, 2 lumps, please!
• a hard swelling on the body
• She was afraid when she felt a lump in her left
  breast.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• to have a lump in one's throat
• to have a tight feeling in the throat because
  strong emotion, such as sorrow, pity, gratitude,
  or excitement, etc.
• All during her husband's funeral, she had a lump
  in her throat.
• John's mother had a lump in her throat at his
  college graduation.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 3.on my mind troubling one's thoughts, causing
  anxiety, unhappiness. When you have sth. on your
  mind, you are completely preoccupied and
  obsessed.
• His failure weighs heavily on his mind.
• He has got too much on his mind to worry about
  your problem.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• cf
• in one's mind think about, think of
• I think I know what's in your mind.
• Her mother was always in her mind.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 4. the very act of stepping on this soil
• act and action
• Action refers primarily to the process of
  acting act to the result, the things done.
• The rescue of a shipwrecked crew is a heroic
  action while the launching of the lifeboat, a
  brave act.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• on this soil on this land, on this earth, ground
  (soil an emotive word)
• A person in exile comes back to his motherland,
  he kneels down to kiss the soil.
• Here it suggests the emotion of the author. He
  thinks his country is responsible for the A-bomb
  destruction. He is preoccupied. He has the
  feeling of atoning for the crime.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 5. adventure a journey that is strange and
  exciting and often dangerous, sth. you do or a
  situation you become involved in that is rather
  unusual, exciting and dangerous.
• The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 6. reportorial of / about a reporter
• the adj. form of reporter
• 7. crime an offence which is punishable by law,
  an immoral act

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 8. appear
• Appear, Look, and Seem can mean to be as stated
  in one's view or judgement, but not necessarily
  in fact.
• Seem suggests an opinion based on subjective
  impression rather than objective signs.
• He seems tired.
• My other visits to Beijing were twenty years
  ago. How would it seem after such a long time?

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Look implies that the opinion is based on a
  general visual impression.
• His lips looked unnatural.
• He looks nervous.
• Appear suggests a distorted impression
• His tongue could make the worse appear the better
  reason.
• He appeared not to have heard what had been said
  about him.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 9. preoccupy to fill one's mind completely so
  that not enough attention is given to other
  present matters
• When he is preoccupied with his hobby, he has no
  idea of what is going on around him.
• I was too preoccupied to hear the bell.
• He had a preoccupied look on his face, as if
  sth. was troubling him.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• preoccupation extreme concern for sth.
• Reading is his main preoccupation
• It seemed to me that the Japanese did not have
  the same extreme concern which is bothering me.
• I was totally absorbed in the consideration of
  the crime, but the Japanese did not appear to be
  so.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 10. rub shoulders with to meet and mix with
  (people)
• This is not the sort of club where the great rub
  shoulders with the humble.
• A person in my position rubs shoulders with all
  kinds of people.
• In our class, people of all trades (porter,
  carpenter, coppersmith, etc.) rubber shoulders
  with each other.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 11. oblivious be unaware of, not noticing,
  unconscious of, lacking mindful attention
• Their government is oblivious of the rights of
  the poor.
• I am oblivious of my former failure.
• I was so preoccupied with the book that I was
  oblivious of the surroundings.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• I was so preoccupied with the beautiful woman I
  met on the bus that I was oblivious of the
  pickpocket beside me / of what the conductress
  was yelling when the bus came to a stop.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 12. bob to move up and down quickly and
  repeatedly
• The cork on the fishing line bobbed up and down
  on the water.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 13. rite a ceremonial act with a fixed pattern,
  usu. for a religious purpose, form of behaviour
  with a fixed pattern
• I don't know much about the rites of that church.
• Secret society has their special rites.
• ceremonial / burial / marriage rites
• On Sunday we make our ritual visit to the the pub
  at lunchtime. (humorous usage)

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 14. formula an expression which is often used in
  a particular situation, esp. one that has come to
  sound stupid and meaningless
• They exchanged the set of conventionally fixed
  pattern of daily greetings.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 15. facade front or face of a building towards a
  street or open place
• 16. grin broad smile that shows the teeth. It
  intends to imply naive cheerfulness.
• 17. rear-view mirror a mirror (as in an
  automobile) that gives a view of the area behind
  the vehicle

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 18. martyr person who is put to death or caused
  to suffer for his beliefs
• a martyr to a cause / love / duty
• Eternal life to the revolutionary martyrs!
• v. to put to death, cause to suffer, to torture
  out of cruelty

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 19. lurch to move with irregular sudden
  movements, to move unsteadily, clumsily, with
  heavy rolling and swaying back and forth
• 20. in response to as an answer to
• She opened the door in response to the knock.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• In response to your inquiries, we regret to
  inform you that we cannot help you in this
  matter.
• Twice I put the request to him but he said
  nothing in response.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 21. twist to wind a number of threads, etc.
  together
• to make a rope by twisting threads
• to twist the hair to make it curl
• to turn, to change direction abruptly
• to twist the cap of a tube of tooth paste
• He twisted my arm.
• Give the handle a twist, that will open the box.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 22. screech to make a sharp, high-pitched noise
• 23. halt to stop or pause, mainly used in the
  phrase "come to a halt"
• 24. ignorance lack of knowledge
• Please forgive our ignorance.
• Poverty, disease and ignorance remain major world
  problems.
• We are in complete ignorance of his plan.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• ignorant To be ignorant of sth. is not to know
  it.
• He is quite ignorant of Latin.
• She was ignorant of his presence.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• cf disregard, neglect ignore
• disregard to treat as not worthy of notice
• He disregarded Tom, and spoke straight to me.
• We disregarded the gossip and rumours.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• neglect to give no or too little attention or
  care to
• You are neglecting your work / duty.
• There is a factor which we must certainly not
  neglect.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• neglect fail to do sth. because of carelessness
• He neglected to return the book to the library.
• Don't neglect to lock (locking) the door when you
  leave.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• To ignore sth. is to pretend not to know or see
  it.
• She saw him coming but ignored him.
• It is not a question that can be ignored.
• Of these three words, ignore is the strongest and
  neglect is the weakest.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 25. intermezzo
• short musical composition to be played between
  the acts of a drama or an opera, or one that
  connects the main divisions of a large musical
  work such as a symphony. This word is used very
  lighted-heartedly here.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 26. I found myself in front of the gigantic City
  Hall.
• cf I got to the front of...
• The first sentence indicates suddenness,
  unconsciousness. I suddenly discovered that I was
  in front of the City Hall.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• gigantic titanic, massive, huge, a close synonym
  of giant
• giant in fairy tales, a very big, strong
  creature in the form of a man, but often
  unfriendly to human beings and very cruel and
  stupid.
• 27. usher official door keeper, a man who shows
  people to their seats on an important occasion,
  (or in a theatre or cinema)

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 28. heave to give out (a sad sound), esp. in the
  phrase " to heave a sigh / groan
• We all heaved a sigh of relief when the work was
  done.
• sigh an act of letting out a deep breath slowly
  and with a sound
• She nodded, sighed and went on cooking.
• He gave another deep sigh.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 29. sketch to draw roughly and quickly with
  outlines but little detail
• 30. embankment a wide wall of stones or earth,
  which is built to keep a river from overflowing
  its banks, or to carry a road or railway over low
  ground

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Detailed Study of the Text

• cf bank, shore, beach coast
• When meaning land bordering a body or stream of
  water, the four words are comparable.
• Shore is the general word for the land
  immediately bordering on the sea, a lake, or a
  large stream.
• Coast denotes the land along the sea regarded
  especially as a boundary.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Beach applies to the pebbly or sandy shore washed
  by the sea or a lake
• a rocky shore with here and there a cove with a
  beach
• Bank denotes the steep or sloping margin of a
  stream

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Both shore and beach may denote a resort
  frequented for pleasure or vacation. In this use
  shore may specifically indicates proximity to the
  sea, and beach a place adapted to the use of
  swimmers or sunbathers.
• spend the summer at the shore
• spend a part of each day at the beach

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 31. barge a large low boat with a flat bottom,
  used mainly for carrying heavy goods on a canal
  or river
• 32. moor to fasten (a ship, boat) to land, to
  the bed of the sea, etc. by means of ropes,
  chains and an anchor, etc.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 33. arresting striking, attracting and holding
  attention. This word adds to striking the
  suggestion of capturing attention
• an arresting beauty / story
• arrest to catch and fix (esp. sb.'s attention)
• The bright lights arrest the boy's attention.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 34. spectacle sth. seen, sth. taking place
  before the eyes, esp. sth. Fine and remarkable
• The big army parade on national day is a grand
  spectacle.
• The erupting volcano is a wonderful spectacle.
• The opening ceremony of the exhibition was a fine
  spectacle.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 35. adrift afloat without control, driven about
  by the sea or wind
• a- has the meaning of "away, from, of, in, on,
  etc."
• aboard on the board, on the boat
• afire to set sth. on fire
• The house was afire.
• afloat on water
• afoot on foot I came afoot.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 36. beige pale yellowish brown
• 37. amid (fml. and lit.) among, in the middle of
• 38. incessant never stopping. The word implies
  ceaseless or uninterrupted activity

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 39. stun to make unconscious by hitting the head
• The robbers stunned the guard by banging him on
  the head.
• He was stunned by the news of his father's death.
  
• stunning very attractive, delightful, beautiful,
  making you become intoxicated

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 40. costume the clothes worn by people at a
  particular time in history or in a particular
  country
• a museum of costume
• portraits of people dressed in 17th-century
  costume
• bathing / swimming / riding costume
• He was in academic costume in this photo.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 41. tread to walk or step, to put the foot down
  on (Notice the mind is fixed on the feet.)
• 42. cautious having or showing great care, as if
  there might be some danger
• The thief cautiously opened the door.
• The troops advanced with great caution.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 43. twinge a sudden sharp pain
• to feel a twinge in the region of heart
• a twinge of toothache / conscience
• 44. embarrass to feel ashamed or socially
  uncomfortable

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 45. prospect reasonable hope, sth. which is
  expected or considered probable
• She was quite excited by the prospect of seeing
  her net friend soon.
• The scandal ruined his prospects.
• I see no prospect of his recovery.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• cf
• expectation thing that is expected
• The boy has great prospects / expectation.
• We came here with the expectation of meeting the
  mayor, but I see no prospects of seeing him now
  since he is oblivious of us humbles.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 46. emotion any of the strong feelings of the
  human spirit
• Love, hatred, and grief are emotions.
• His speech has an effect on our emotions rather
  than our reason.
• I was again overcome by the same sense of guilty
  as I had experienced when I first arrived at the
  station.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 47. bombardment attack, onslaught
• bombard to attack with artillery, shells, or
  bombers
• 48. slay (slew, slain) (lit.) to kill or murder,
  to kill, esp. violently, to put to death

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Detailed Study of the Text

• cf
• kill It is so general that it merely states the
  fact, and doesn't have many connotations
• to take medicine to kill the pain
• What you have said killed my hope.
• vegetable killed by the frost
• to kill time
• The president killed the project.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• slay v (fml.) kill (esp an enemy) in a violent
  way. It implies killing by force or wildly, in an
  uncontrolled way. It is rarely used in spoken
  English, but it often occurs in written English
  to convey a dramatic quality.
• Cain slew his brother Abel
• A truck driver was slain by the terrorists in
  Iraq.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• murder to kill with a motive, a plan in advance
• The bandits murdered the man for his money.
• According to the historians he murdered his rival
  in cold blood.
• assassinate kill (esp an important or famous
  person) for money or for political reasons
• a plot to assassinate the president

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Detailed Study of the Text

• slaughter a. kill (an animal), usu for food b.
  kill (animals or people) in large numbers
• butcher a. kill and prepare (animals) for meat
  b. (derog.) kill (people or animals) brutally
• execute kill (sb) as a legal punishment
• He was executed for bank robbery.

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Detailed Study of the Text??

• massacre cruel killing of a large number (of
  people or animals)
• suicide n. killing oneself intentionally ?
• commit suicide

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 49. linger on to live on the point of death for
  some time, esp. when suffering from a disease, be
  slow in dying
• The pain lingered on for weeks (was slow to
  disappear).
• The dying man lingered on.
• He's no better, but he's lingering on by sheer
  will power.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• linger to wait for a time which is considered
  too long instead of going, delay going
• The newly acquainted young couple lingered
  around the hall long after the concert had ended.
• She shouldn't have lingered after the others had
  left---that was fatal.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 50. agony very great pain, intolerable suffering
  of mind or body
• He suffered agonies from his broken arm.
• The country must not again go through the agony
  of war.
• the agony of defeat and the thrill of victory

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 51. inhibit cause one to suppress certain
  thoughts or desires because of the environmental
  condition
• His way of teaching is dull, and inhibits
  imagination.
• This medicine will inhibit the spread of the
  disease.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• inhibited (of people's character) unable to
  express what one really feels
• They were too inhibited to laugh freely.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 52. agitate to stir, upset, disturb
• The speech agitated the crowd.
• agitated emotionally disturbed and excited
• The audience was agitated.
• agitator person who stirs up public opinion,
  esp. on a political matter
• agitation painful excitement of the mind
• None of them noticed her agitation.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 53. assent (fml.) agreement, an acceptance (of a
  statement) as true, It basically applies to
  opinion or proposal, suggesting understanding
• The committee assented to our proposals.
• The teacher answered with a brief nod of assent.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 54. sink in penetrate, be fully absorbed or
  understood,
• If the ink sinks in, it'll be hard to remove the
  spot from the cloth.
• When Frank heard that war had started, it didn't
  sink in for a long time until his father was
  drafted into the army.
• I think the lesson has sunk in, he won't make the
  same mistake again.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 55. jolt to shake or be shocked
• The cart jolted along over the rough road,
  jolting every bone in his body.
• With a tremendous jolt the car started.
• The car ran over a hole and received a jolt.
• The news was a jolt to me.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 56. reverie dreamy thinking, esp. of agreeable
  things, daydreaming
• He loved to indulge in reveries about his future.
• He was awakened from his reverie by the teacher's
  question.
• She sat at the window, deep in reverie.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• He was sunk in reverie and did not hear me.
• When one is preoccupied with sth., he has
  preoccupations.
• And he is likely to be oblivious of the things
  around him. He is in deep reverie.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 57. heinous (lit) (of wicked people or acts)
  very shameful, hatefully and shockingly evil,
  abominable, outrageous, so shamelessly bad or so
  conspicuous that it excites hatred or horror
• The Nanjing massacre was a heinous crime
  committed by the Japanese.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 58. confess admit
• If you confess sth. or confess to sth., you admit
  that you have done sth. that you feel ashamed of,
  or embarrassed about.
• confession a religious service at which a person
  tells his faults to a priest

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Detailed Study of the Text

• In usage, confess and admit are almost the same
• to confess / admit that...
• to confess / admit one's sins / error
• to confess / admit hating sb.
• to admit / confess to stealing
• to confess / admit oneself to be beaten

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 59. cataclysm a violent and sudden change or
  event, esp. a serious flood or earth quake or a
  war
• 60. trace a visible mark or sign of the former
  presence of a thing or event
• We saw traces of rabbits and squirrels on the
  snow.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 61. preserve (fml. or lit.) to keep from
  destruction, to protect
• Policemen preserve order in the streets.
• Old records are preserved by protecting them from
  light and moisture.
• Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are
  sold.
• No hunting is allowed in the preserve.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 62. erect (fml.) to build or establish (a solid
  thing which was not there before)
• Erect basically means to set upright
• to erect a flagpole
• Many factories were erected during that period.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 63. impact collision, a striking of one body
  against another, the force of impression of one
  thing on another
• We see the impact of modern science on our
  society everywhere.
• The book made a great impact on its readers.
• the concrete embankment built to resist the
  impact of floods

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 64. demolish pull down or tear down, to destroy.
  When used in reference to buildings or other
  complex structures (as of wood, stone, or steel),
  it implies complete wreckage and often a heap of
  ruins.
• The automobile was demolished in a collision with
  the train.
• His research has been painstaking, and he
  demolishes a great many legends.

95
Detailed Study of the Text

• 65. somehow in some way not yet known or stated,
  for some reason that is not clear
• I think she is right but somehow Im not
  completely sure.
• I think we can manage that somehow.
• Somehow he was afraid of her.
• I thought I knew the way, but somehow I got lost.

96
Detailed Study of the Text

• 66. belly (infml.) abdomen, stomach paunch are
  synonyms when naming the front part of the human
  trunk below the chest
• abdomen medical term
• stomach When used non-technically, it means
  abdomen, but specifically means the organ which
  digests food.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• belly an informal term for abdomen, suggesting
  roundness.
• He has a large belly.
• paunch a derogatory and humorous term, meaning
  fat stomach, esp. a man's.
• The man has a paunch / a potbelly / a paunchy
  belly / is paunchy.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 67. spare to keep from harming, punishing or
  attacking
• Take my money but spare my life.
• They prayed that Allah might spare the village
  from starvation.
• Lay down your arms and we'll spare your lives.
• The enemy were so heinous that they even refused
  to spare the new-borns.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• afford to give
• Can you spare me 5 minutes?
• Can you spare an extra ticket for me?
• Spare a penny, sir, for a starving man.
• 68. feel sick vomit, upset in the stomach so as
  to want to throw up what is in it.
• He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started
  to move.

100
Detailed Study of the Text

• 69. or else or if not, or otherwise. This
  expression is basically used as a threat.
• He must pay 100 or else go to jail.
• Do what I tell you or else!

101
Detailed Study of the Text

• 70. commit a. to do, to perform sth. bad, wrong
  or unlawful
• to commit an error / many horrible crimes
• b. to order sb. to be placed under the control of
  another or in a mental hospital
• The judge committed him to prison.

102
Detailed Study of the Text

• The court committed the man to a lunatic asylum /
  mental home (hospital).
• c. to promise to undertake, make oneself
  responsible
• The government has committed more money to
  improving basic education.
• He was fully committed to the plan.

103
Detailed Study of the Text

• 71. humiliate to cause to feel humble or to lose
  the respect of others, to hurt the pride or
  dignity of
• He humiliated her beyond endurance.
• 72. encounter to meet or be faced by sth. bad,
  esp. a danger or a difficulty
• What if we should encounter a bear?

104
Detailed Study of the Text

• 73. prejudice an unreasonable, unfair dislike or
  preference of sb. or sth
• Prejudice against women is becoming less severe.
• A judge must be free from prejudice.
• racial / national prejudice

105
Detailed Study of the Text

• 74. on the part of by, of
• It will arouse deep suspicions on the part of our
  allies.
• I apologize for any mistake on my part.
• 75. scar a mark remaining on the skin or an
  organ from a wound, cut, and etc.

106
Detailed Study of the Text

• 76. victim a person, animal or thing that
  suffers pain, death, destruction, etc. as a
  result of other people's actions, of illness, bad
  luck, etc.
• tsunami victims
• 77. genetic damage a damage or illness which has
  been passed on or inherited and will be passed on
  from generation to generation

107
Detailed Study of the Text

• 78. earthly of this world as opposed to heaven
  material worldly as opposed to spiritual
• earthly care daily life and worries, cares on
  the earth which is in contrast with that in
  heaven, in death.

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Structural Analysis

• Part I (para 1.) The Arrival
• Part II (The Japanese ...the kimono and the
  miniskirt.) Way to City Hall
• Part III (At the door...) Meeting the Mayor
• Part IV (the hospital) At the Hospital

109
Writing Technique

• 1. Contrast description of the scenery and of
  his own emotion
• Psychology sorrowful and repentant.
• Hiroshima symbolizes war crime, sin, death,
  terror, etc.
• Scenery lively, happy, vigorous, cheerful, etc.

110
Writing Technique

• 2. Humour serious looking men, bob up and down,
  the cab driver, the usher, meeting the mayor in
  his socks, spinal column flexible,
  Hiroshima---oysters, small man with very large
  eye-glasses, his eyes nearly closed behind their
  thick lenses, etc.

111
Rhetoric

• Ironya figure of speech in which the meaning
  literally expressed is the opposite of the
  meaning intended and which aims at ridicule,
  humour or sarcasm.
• Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan
• Each day of suffering that helps to free my from
  earthly cares
• congratulate myself on the good fortune that my
  illness has brought me

112
Rhetoric

• Anti-Climax the sudden appearance of an absurd
  or trivial idea following a serious significant
  ideas and suspensions. This device is usu. aimed
  at creating comic or humorous effects.
• a town known throughout the world for
  its---oysters
• The duties of a soldier are to protect is country
  and peel potatoes.

113
Rhetoric

• Alliteration the repetition of an initial sound
  that is usu. a consonant in two or more
  neighbouring words.
• slip to a stop
• tested and treated
• Rhetorical Question a question that needs no
  answer, but used for emphasis
• Was I not at the scene of the crime?

114
Rhetoric

• Euphemism the substitution of an agreeable or
  in-offensive expression for one that may offend
  or suggest sth unpleasant
• eg
• He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at
  the government's expenses.

115
Rhetoric

• The boy is a bit slow for his age.
• to go to heaven---dead
• to go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer
  the nature's call, put an end to my life.
• Each day of suffering that helps to free me from
  earthly cares.

116
Rhetoric

• Metonymy
• ...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete
  skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the
  miniskirt
• I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact.

117
Rhetoric

• Metonymy a figure of speech that consists in
  using the name of one thing for that of something
  else with which it is associated.

118
Rhetoric

• Metonymy can be derived from various sources 
• a. Names of persons
• Uncle Sam the USA 
• b. Animals
• the bear the Soviet Union
• the dragon the Chinese (a fight between the
  bear and the dragon)

119

• c. Parts of the body
• heart feelings and emotions
• head, brain wisdom, intelligence, reason
• She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I
  was not one to let my heart rule my head.
• grey hair old age 

120
Rhetoric

• d. Profession
• the press newspapers, reporters etc.
• He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand
  Hotel.
• the bar the legal profession

121

• e. location of government, business etc.
• Downing Street the British Government
• the White House the US president and his
  government
• the Capitol Hill US Congress
• Wall Street US financial circles
• Hollywood American filmmaking industry

122

Thanks