Chapter Four Social Interaction in Everyday Life

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Chapter FourSocial Interaction in Everyday Life
Society, The Basics 10th Edition John J. Macionis
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Social StructureA Guide to Everyday Living

• Social interaction the process by which people
  act and react in ______ to _____.

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Status

• Status a social position that an individual
  occupies.
• Every status is part of our _____ _____.

• It defines who and what we are in relation to
  others.

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Status

• A status set all of the statuses a person
  _____at a given time.

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Status

• Ascribed status a social position a person
  receives at _____or assumes __________.

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Status

• Achieved status a social position a person
  assumes voluntarily that reflects _______ _____.

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A Master Status

• Some statuses matter more than others, often
  shaping a persons entire life.
• A master status a status that has special
  importance for _____ _______.

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Role

• Role behavior expected of someone who holds a
  particular status.
• Role performance _____according to personality.
• Role set a number of roles attached to a
  _____status.

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Status Role

• "Role" is what the doctor does (or, at least, is
  expected to do), while status is what the doctor
  is. In other words, "status" is the position an
  actor _______ , while "role" is the expected
  behavior ________ to that position.
• People occupy status. People perform roles.

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Status Set and Role Set
Figure 4-1
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Role Conflict and Role Strain

• Role conflict conflict between roles
  corresponding to ____ or _____ statuses.
• When we experience being pulled in several
  different directions.

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Role Conflict and Role Strain

• Role strain tension among roles connected to a
  _____ status.
• Performing various roles attached to one status
  feels like a balancing act.

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Role Exit

• Role exit the process by which people _______
  from important roles
• Exes must rebuild relationships with people who
  knew them in their earlier life.

Ex-nun
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Role Exit

• No Coined Terms
• Ex-doctor
• Ex-convict
• Ex-baseball player
• __-________

• Coined Terms
• Retiree
• Divorcee
• Widow
• Alumnus

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The Social Construction of Reality

• Social construction of reality the process by
  which people creatively shape reality through
  _____ _________.
• Interaction is a complex negotiation.
• Reality remains _______ in everyones minds

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The Thomas Theorem

• The Thomas Theorem situations that are defined
  as ___ are ____ in their consequences.

W.I. Thomas
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A prisoner attacked people mumbling
absent-mindedly to themselves.
The Thomas Theorem

• To the deranged inmate, these lip movements were
  curses or insults.
• No matter that they weren't the results were the
  _____.

W.I. Thomas
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Ethnomethodology

• Harold Garfinkel states people create reality in
  everyday __________.
• Ethnomethodology the study of the way people
  _____ _____ of their everyday surroundings.
• Realities are influenced by culture.

Harold Garfinkel
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Reality BuildingClass and Culture

• Our social background affects what we see.

People build ______ from the surrounding ________.
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Dramaturgical AnalysisThe Presentation of Self

• Dramaturgical analysis the study of social
  _________in terms of theatrical performance
  (actors on a stage)

Erving Goffman

• Each performance involves the presentation of
  self, ones efforts to create specific
  impressions in the minds of others.
• aka _________ management

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Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal communication using ____ ___________,
  gestures, and facial expressions rather than
  speech.
• This conveys ___________.

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Nonverbal Communication

• Eye contact is used to _____and ________
  interaction.

Hand gestures may convey an insult.
Gestures also _________ spoken words.
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Nonverbal Communication

• Words, voice, and facial expressions are often
  ways to spot people telling ____.

Paul Ekman
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Gender and Performances

• Women are ________ to be less assertive than men.
• Women tend to be more _______ to nonverbal
  communication.

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Gender and Performances

• Men typically command more _____ than women.

• Women craft their _______ ____________ more
  carefully than men.

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Idealization, Embarrassment, and Tact

• We construct performances to idealize our
  intentions (Erving Goffman).
• We try to convince others we do not have _______
  _____.

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Idealization, Embarrassment, and Tact

• Embarrassment discomfort resulting from a _____
  __________.

Embarrassing Performance
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Idealization, Embarrassment, and Tact
Tact is the ability to describe others as they
see themselves. Abraham Lincoln

• Tact helping someone ___ ___.

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Interaction in Everyday Life
Emotions

• Humor

Language
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Interaction in Everyday LifeEmotions

• Emotions, more commonly called _______, are an
  important dimension of everyday life.
• All human beings experience the same basic
  ________ and display them to others in the same
  basic ways.

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Interaction in Everyday LifeEmotions
Arlie Russell Hochschild the typical company
does indeed try to ________ not only behavior but
also the ________of its employees.
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Interaction in Everyday LifeLanguage

• Language conveys deep levels of meaning.
• Language defines men and women differently in
  several ways
• (1) The _____function of language.
• (2) The value function of language.
• (3) The _______function of language.

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Interaction in Everyday LifeHumor

• Humor is a product of _____ _________.
• It stems from the contrast between two different
  ________.

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Interaction in Everyday LifeHumor
Conventional what people expect in some
situation Unconventional an unexpected
violation of _______ ________

• One must understand the two realities involved
  well enough to appreciate their ___________.

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Interaction in Everyday LifeHumor
Humor arises from contradiction, ambiguity, and
_____ _______ found in differing definitions of
the same situation.
The idea of getting it.
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Interaction in Everyday LifeHumor

• Humor provides a way to express an opinion
  without being ______.

Humor often is a sign of real ______.