PLANTAGENET KINGS 1154-1485

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PLANTAGENET KINGS1154-1485

• The Plantagenet Kings include those of the Houses
  of Anjou, Lancaster, and York

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House of Anjou1154-1399

• What were the legacies of the Angevin English
  monarchs?
• How did the actions of the Angevin monarchs shape
  the development of Parliament and an English
  nation?
• How did the actions of the Angevin monarchs
  impact European conflict?

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HENRY II (House of Anjou)r. 1154-1189

• First unopposed rise to power since 1066.
• Controlled a vast empiremost of British Isles
  and parts of France
• Married to Eleanor of Aquitaine (French)
• Acquired Ireland with the help of Pope Adrian IV
  (the only English pope). Pope recognized his
  authority over
• Laid down the foundations of English Common
  Lawconsistent and accessible
• Quarrel with Thomas Becket, Archbishop of
  Canterbury (Becket thought the Church should be
  independent from royal power), led to the
  clergymans murder in Canterbury Cathedral 1170.

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ELEANOR

• Good marriage w/ Henry II until it was soured by
  his promiscuity
• Encouraged her sons rebellion against Henry II
• Henry crushed the rebellion and put Eleanor under
  house arrest

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RICHARD I (THE LION HEART)r. 1189 - 1199

• Son of Henry II. Kept Henrys empire intact
• Forced his father from power with the help of
  French Philip II
• Third Crusade
• Absentee King
• Known for the slaughter of 2,500 men women and
  children at Acre.
• Captured in Germany
• In his absence, legendary Robin Hood poached in
  Sherwood Forest.

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JOHNr. 1199 - 1216

• Has possibly the worst reputation of any English
  king
• MAGNA CARTA, Runnymede 1215.
• Result of disagreements with barons over taxation
• Limits on royal powersubjected monarch to the
  law of the land.
• Named king of Ireland while still prince.
• Lost Normandy, Anjou and most of Aquitaine to
  the French king, Philip II.

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HENRY IIIr. 1216 - 1272

• King at age 9 regents reestablished order for
  him (following father, John)
• Married Eleanor of Provence
• Magna Carta reasserted.
• Papal control of appointments under Henry III
  would set the stage for support of the English
  Reformation under Henry VIII.
• Oversaw the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey

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EDWARD I (Longshanks)r. 1272 - 1307

• Son of Henry III
• Surveyed the country and codified laws
• Introduced the Model Parliament
• Originally called to approve campaigns in
  Scotland and France
• Battled William Wallace and Robert Bruce of
  Scotland regarding Edwards supremacy over the
  Scottish king
• Conquered Wales and made his eldest son the first
  Prince of Walesthis practice still continues
  today.

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EDWARD IIr. 1307 1327

• Defeated by Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn
• Edward should have wonoutnumbered the Scots
• Lead to Scottish independence
• Parliament gained power through the Ordinances of
  1311
• 1326- Deposed by wife Isabella (daughter of
  Philip IV of France), and her lover, Roger
  Mortimer (Edwards political rival)
• 1327- Murdered in Berkeley Castle where he had
  been imprisoned

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EDWARD IIIr. 1327 - 1377

• Took the throne at 14
• 3 years later, he arrested his mother (now known
  as the She-Wolf of France) and her lover, Roger
  Mortimer.
• He was a legitimate rival to the French throne
• The Hundred Years War begins 1337. Major
  victories at Sluys (1340), Crecy (1346), Calais
  (1347) and Poitiers (1356) mostly because of the
  kings son Edward the Black Prince.

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EDWARD III CONTD

• The Black Death began and ended.
• All but a few towns were eventually lost to
  France.
• He divided Parliament into two houses.
• English became the official language.
• John Wycliffe began his campaign.
• Chaucer began his masterpieces.
• In his last years, Edward experienced the loss of
  his loyal wife Philippa and his favorite son, the
  Black Prince.

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RICHARD IIr. 1377 1399(Last of the House of
Anjou)

• Grandson of Edward III (Son of Edward, the Black
  Prince)
• Became king at 10 Court controlled by his
  uncle John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.
• Believed in his divine right and absolute power
• Faced rebellions (Peasants in 1381)
• Antagonized barons
• While on a military campaign in Ireland,
  Richards cousin, Henry Bolingbroke seized the
  throne, and Richard was eventually forced to
  surrender to Henry.
• Richard was imprisoned in the tower of London and
  died within a few months (by Feb. 1400).