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Demographic Dividend for Africa

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Demographic Dividend for Africa s Development Transformation By Dr Ademola Olajide Head of Division African Union Commission Concept of Demographic Dividend Rapid ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Demographic Dividend for Africa


1
Demographic Dividend for Africas Development
Transformation
  • By
  • Dr Ademola Olajide
  • Head of Division
  • African Union Commission

2
Concept of Demographic Dividend
  • Rapid and sustainable economic growth as
    consequence of a demographic transition from high
    fertility and high mortality to low fertility and
    low mortality equilibrium reducing the
    dependency ratio and increasing the size of the
    working age population
  • This large cohort of working age population
    presents the opportunity to stimulate economic
    growth demographic dividend

3

Concept of Demographic Dividend
4
Economic profile
  • Economic growth in Africa has averaged over 5 per
    cent per annum during 2000 and 2009
  • Soaring prices for commodities such as oil and
    minerals have helped lift GDP since 2000
  • Commodities accounted for only about a third of
    the newfound growth. The rest resulted from
    internal structural changes that have spurred the
    broader domestic economy
  • Given the prevailing global economic challenges,
    African countries urgently need to
    elaborate strategies to capitalize on
    the recent growth momentum

5
Economic profile
  • Africas labor force is expanding with more than
    500 million people of working age, projected to
    exceed 1.1 billion (by 2040) more than in China
    or Indialifting GDP growth
  • With the current trends, Africa with a large
    share of the worlds naturally resources, 60 of
    the global uncultivated arable land should be
    able to turn this potential (1 in 5 of the
    planets young person) to sustainable and
    equitable growth

6
Population size
  • Africa continues to have one of the highest
    population growth rates globally
  • Africa is the youngest continent, with almost 200
    million people aged between 15 and 24
  • Africa is currently experiencing a youth bulge,
    with about 42 per cent of the entire population
    was under the age of 15

7

Fertility
Total fertility as a measure of fertility is
defined as the total number of children a woman
would bear if fertility rates remained the same
during her lifetime.
Total fertility rate of Africa and its
sub-regions(4)
All regions in Africa have a TFR above
replacement levels
8
Fertility and Demographic Dividend in Africa
  • The reductions in fertility rate in Africa is yet
    to reach levels that experts believe can optimize
    harnessing the demographic dividend
  • Several factors account for fertility reduction
    including urbanization, modernization, education
    etc as economic conditions of women increase
    fertility rates will reduce
  • Also as fertility rates reduce, economic
    conditions of women improve

9

Mortality
Mortality plays a key role in the demographic
dividend. Demographic transition refers to the
change from high and unpredictable mortality and
fertility to low and stable mortality and
fertility rates. (6)
Infant Mortality Rate(7) Under-five Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births)(8). Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000 live births)
African IMR has decreased 1990 172 2000 154 2010 119 African Under-5 MR have decreased 1990 88 deaths 2010 57 deaths MMR has decreased 1990 850 deaths 2010 500 deaths
10
Mortality reduction and Demographic Dividend in
Africa
  • Mortality reduction across Africa as a whole
    falls below the target set by the Millennium
    Development Goals
  • Mortality reduction requires not just a
    strengthening of the health system but also
    deliberate attention to issues of Sexual and
    Reproductive Health and Rights of all population
    segments

11
Harnessing the DD for Africas transformation
  • The demographic dividend has been described as
    that one-time jump in economic growth consequent
    upon increased economic output of the productive
    population
  • Focused policies must therefore be implemented to
    improve the quality of that crop of human capital
    as well create opportunities for their productive
    engagement in economic activities

12
Harnessing the demographic dividend
13
Strategies to harness a Demographic Dividend in
Africa
  • Promote gender equality, equity and empowerment
    of women (50)
  • Improve access to Qualitative Education - Each
    year of schooling is associated with an increase
    in wages (10 or more)
  • Enhance health status including access to FP
    services and information

14
Strategies to harvest from the Demographic
Dividends in Africa - 2
  • Strengthen Food and Nutrition Security - one in
    five children in Africa is moderately or severely
    underweight, with significant economic losses
    (COHA)
  • Facilitate Policy Coherence e.g. promote decent
    jobs for young persons, between 2000 and 2008
    Africa created 73 million jobs but only 16
    million jobs were created for young people 15 and
    24

15
Conclusion
  • As African states experience current economic
    growth rates efforts must be consciously
    undertaken to optimize the demographic window
    currently open to the continent
  • As African economies prepare to soar, we must
    remember the African proverb the quality of a
    birds flight depends on the quality of its meal
    before take off

16
  • Merci beaucoup
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