? ? ? ? ? ? ? Introduction to Aircraft Structures

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? Introduction to Aircraft Structures

• ? ? ?
• ? ? ? ? ? ?
• ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

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? ? ? ?

• 1. ??????
• 2. ??????
• 3. ???? ? ????
• 4. ???? ? ????
• 5. ???????
• 6. ????????
• 7. ??????

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1. ? ? ? ? ? ?

• Engineering Structures (purpose function)
• Bridges, Buildings, Aircrafts, ...
• Aircraft machine supported for flight by
  dynamic action of air
• First controllable human flight
  Orville Wright, 1903
• distance 120 ft duration
  20 sec
• ??????
• ? Provide fundamental concepts in analysis and
  design of
• aircraft structures.
• ? Develop analytical tools for prediction and
  assessment of
• structural behavior.

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???????

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Orville Wright, 1903
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1910???????
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1980???????
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2010 ???
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???????????

• Engineering Division ? Sections ? Specialized
  Groups
• 1. Preliminary Design Section
• 2. Technical Analysis Section
• Aerodynamics, Structures, Materials,
  Control, ...
• 3. Component Design Section
• Structure (wing, body), System
  (mechanical/electrical)
• 4. Laboratory Test Section
• Wind tunnel, Structure, Propulsion,
  Electronics, ...
• 5. Flight Test Section
• 6. Field Service Section

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? ? ? ?

• ??
• ? ????????????
• ? ????????????
• ? ?
• 1) Applied Loads Calculation Group
  (aerodynamic, inertia, control forces)
• 2) Stress Analysis Strength Group (design
  verification)
• 3) Dynamic Analysis Group (modal analysis,
  shock vibration, flutter)
• 4) Special Projects Research Group (fatigue
  analysis, new wings)
• (Ref Bruhn, Analysis and Design of Flight
  Vehicle Structures,)

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? ? ? ? ? ?

• ????
• ???? (????????)
• ???? (?????)
• ???? (??????)
• ? ?
• ???? (?????)
• ? ?

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

• 1. ????? (Cost and Weight)
• 2. ???? (Static Strength)
• 3. ??? (Durability)
• 4. ???? (Damage Tolerance)
• 5. ??????? (Flutter and Vibration)
• 6. ???? (Corrosion Resistance)
• 7. ???? (Crashworthiness)
• 8. ????????

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? ? ? ? ? ?

• ??????????????????
• 2) ?????????????????????????
• 3) ??????????????????
• 4) ????????????????????????????????????

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? ? ? ? ? ?

• ????
• ????
• ????????????????????
• ?????????? ...
• ??????????????????? ...
• ????
• ??????????????????
• ???????????? ...

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2. ??????

• ????
• ? ?? vs.?? ? ?? vs.???
• ? ?? vs.??? ? ?? vs.???
• ????
• BAR1-D ??,Rod (??) , Column (??), Shaft
  (??),
• Beam (??), Beam Column (??
  ??)
• PLATEBeam ?????
• Membranein-plane axial load
• Shear Panelin-plane shear load
• SHELL??Membrane?Shear Panel ???????

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? ? ? ?

• ??? (?????) ? ??? (????)
• ?? ? ?? ? ?? (thermal)
• ??? (????)
• ??????????? (?????)
• ?????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ???? Hinge?Roller? Fixed?Fixed-roller

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? ? ? ?

• Limit (Applied) load
• ???????????
• Ultimate (Design) load
• limit load ?????? (F.S.)
• F.S.

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? ? ? ? ? ?

• ??????
• (ix,y,z)
• ??? (Statical Determinnancy)
• ???????????????????
• ??? (Stability)
• 1) ???3???????
• 2) ????????????

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????????

• 1. ?????
• 2. ?????
• 3. ?????
• 4. ?????

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3. ???? ? ????

• ??????
• ????? ??? ? ????
• ????
• ???? ???? Et ???? ?????
• ???? ???? Ec ???? ?????
• ???? ???????,????

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? ? ? ? ? ?

• 1) ??????? (Brittle)
• 2) ??????? (Ductile)
• 3) ??(???)??
• 4) ??(????)??

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? ? ? ? (Fatigue)

• ??????????????????
• ????
• ???????????,??????? N
• ?? S-N ??
• 
  b, c ?????
• Palmgren-Miner ????????

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? ? ? ?

• 1) ????/???????????
• ?? ?????????????
• 2) ?????? (Sandwich Construction)
• ?? ?????,????????
• 3) ??????? Damage Tolerance ? Fail Safe
• ???????

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4. ???? ? ????

• ? ? (stress)? (normal) ???? (shear) ??
• ? ? (strain)???(????)
• ???(????)
• ?? - ????
• ?? - ????
• 1) Linearly Elastic
• 2) Nonlinearly Elastic
• 3) Inelastic

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• ?????? (?????)
• ????? (Compatibility Equations)
• ?????

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? ? ? ?

• ????
• ???????

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? ? ?

• ? ???????,????????
• ? ???????????,??????
• ? ????????????????,
• ?????,
• ???? (Shear Center)
• ???????????,?????????

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5. ???????

• ???? ??(???)???
• ?????? ?? (Nodes)? ???
• ?? (Elements)? ????
• ????
• 1-DTruss (Rod), Beam
• 2-DMembrane, Plate, Shell
• 3-DSolid (Brick)

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????????

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??(??)?

• ,
• ??????
• 1. ??????
• 2. ?? - ????

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• 3. ?? - ????
• 4. ?? - ?????

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• ?????????
• 1. ???????????????
• 2. ???????????????????
• 3. ????????????? ?
• 4. ??????(??)???,????????
• ?????????
• 5. ?????????????????
• ??
• 1. ?????????,????????????
• 2. ????????????????????
• 3. ?????????????

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6. ????????

• Semi-monocoqueShell Stiffeners
• ? ????????(cut-outs)
• ? ?? (Skin Sheet)??????????
• ? ??? (Stiffeners)????????????
• ?????(Bulkheads)????(Ribs)
• ? ??(cut-outs)????????,?????

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7. ??????

• Composite Materials
• Fiber (??) Matrix (??)
• Steel Concrete
• Glass Resin
• Graphite Metal
• Kevlar Ceramics
• Sandwich construction
• thin facing plates core
  (honeycomb)

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?????

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??????

• ??
• ????/??? (???)
• ???
• ???
• ??
• ????
• ????
• ????

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???? ??????

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????????

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??????

• ????????(orthotropic)??
• ??????-?????????
• ???,???????
• ?????????,?????
• ? (plane stress)?????

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• Thanks for Your Attention