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Recommended Dietary Allowances

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Dietary Allowances David L. Gee, PhD Central Washington University RDA Facts National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)(past) Institute of ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Recommended Dietary Allowances


1
Recommended Dietary Allowances
  • David L. Gee, PhD
  • Central Washington University

2
RDA Facts
  • National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
  • Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)(past)
  • Institute of Medicine (IOM)(current)
  • Traditionally revised every 5 years (last
    traditional RDA10th ed, 1989)
  • First RDAs formulated during WWII to adequately
    feed soldiers

3
RDA Uses
  • USDAs Thrifty Food Plan
  • Food Stamp Program
  • School Lunch Program
  • Institutional Food Services
  • Women, Infant, Children Food Supplementation
    Program (WIC)

4
RDAs What are they?
  • allowances, not requirements
  • different age groups
  • males and females
  • pregnant and lactating women
  • Traditionally for protein, 11 vitamins, 7
    minerals
  • New RDAs include CHO, FAT, exercise

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6
RDAs How are they determined?
  • Determine individual requirements of healthy
    people
  • Nutrient balance studies
  • Measure intake and losses and nutrient markers

7
Figure 2-2 Nutrient Requirements Vary From
Person To Person
8
RDAs How are they determined?
  • Determination of allowance
  • Safety factor
  • individual variations
  • bioavailability of different foods
  • Iron
  • Protein
  • folate

9
Figure 2-2 Nutrient Requirements Vary From
Person To Person
10
DRIs Updated version of the RDAs
  • Dietary Reference Intakes
  • RDAs levels of intake of essential
    nutrients... to be adequate to meet the known
    nutritional needs of practically all healthy
    persons.

11
DRIs differ from RDAs
  • Incorporates risk reduction for chronic diseases
  • Includes essential and other food components
    (CHO, PRO, FAT, fiber, phytoestrogens, etc)

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14
Components of DRIs
  • DRI Recommended Intakes
  • Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
  • well substantiated evidence
  • Adequate Intake (AI)
  • less substantiated/controversial

15
Other components of DRIs
  • Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
  • Useful for population studies
  • Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
  • Side effects/toxicity may occur if consumed above
    this level

16
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18
Dietary Reference Intakes
  • 1997 Bone nutrients
  • Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D,
    fluoride
  • 1998 B vitamins
  • B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folate, pantothenate,
    biotin, choline
  • 2000 Antioxidants
  • vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, carotenoids
  • 2001 Miscellaneous
  • vitamins AK, iron, copper, zinc, etc...
  • 2002 CHO, FAT, PRO, Fiber, Physical Activity

19
DRI for Calcium
  • released August 1997
  • Calcium AIs
  • 9-18 yr 1300 mg/d
  • Old RDA 800-1200
  • 19-50 yr 1000 mg/d
  • Old RDA 800
  • gt 50 yr 1200 mg/d
  • RDA 800

20
DRIs for CHO, PRO, FAT, Fiber and Physical
ActivityControversy brewing?
  • Sept. 2002
  • Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
  • AMDR
  • CHO 45-55 of Calories
  • 2000 USDA Dietary guidelines 60
  • 2005 USDA Dietary Guidelines not specified,
    choose fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, whole
    grains often
  • FAT 20-35
  • 2000 USDA Dietary guidelines lt30
  • 2005 USDA Dietary Guidelines 20-35
  • Emphasis on unsaturated fat, less saturated fat
  • PRO 10-35
  • Old RDAs 0.8gP/kgBW (about same)

21
DRIs for CHO, PRO, FAT, Fiber and Physical
Activity
  • Dietary Fiber25g women, 38g men
  • 2000 Dietary guidelines 25g/2000Cal
  • 2005 DG not specified
  • Exercise
  • Moderately intense exercise accumulated for one
    hour every day
  • 1996 Surgeon Generals Report 30 minutes/day
  • 2005 Dietary Guidelines
  • gt 30 min/day to reduce chronic disease risk
  • 60 min/day to manage weight
  • 60-90 min/day to sustain weight loss

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23
DRIs for CHO, FAT, PRO, FIBER, Physical
ActivitySept. 2002
  • Carbohydrates 45-65 of Calories
  • Dietary Guidelines gt50-60
  • DRI lt 25 from added sugars
  • Fat 20-35 of Calories
  • Dietary Guidelines lt30
  • Specific levels of essential fatty acids made
  • Protein 10-35 of Calories
  • Old RDAs gt0.8g/kgBW
  • Recommendations are similar

24
DRIs for CHO, FAT, PRO, FIBER, Physical
ActivitySept. 2002
  • Fiber
  • First recommendations for RDA/DRI
  • Adults lt 50 yrs males 38g, females 25g
  • Adults gt50 males 30g, females 21g
  • Past recommendations 25-35g
  • Physical Activity
  • First recommendations for RDA/DRI
  • Maintain cardiovascular health at a maximum
    level
  • gt 1 hr/day at moderately intense level

25
DRI for Calcium and Related Nutrients (Vit D, P,
Mg, F)
  • AIs for Vitamin D
  • 9-18 yrs 5 ug/d (RDA 10 ug/d)
  • 19-50 yrs 5 ug/d (RDA 5 ug/d)
  • gt51 yrs 10 ug/d (RDA 5 ug/d)

26
DRIs for B-Vitamins
  • Released April 1998
  • Similar for B1, B2, B3, B6
  • Folic Acid
  • adults 400 ug/d (180-200)
  • pregnancy 600 ug/d (400)

27
DRIs for B-Vitamins
  • Vitamin B-12
  • 2.4 ug/d (2.0 ug/d)
  • now includes
  • Pantothenic Acid
  • Biotin
  • Choline

28
FCSN 245 Upcoming Schedule
  • Tuesday, April 15
  • Turn in study group cards
  • Federal income taxes due ?
  • April 15-18 Discussion Labs
  • Food Label Activity
  • Recording 3 day food record
  • Tuesday, April 22
  • Exam 1
  • Chapters 2 (dietary guidelines, labels, RDAs)
    4 (carbs)
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