Title: Recommended Dietary Allowances
1Recommended Dietary Allowances
- David L. Gee, PhD
- Central Washington University
2RDA Facts
- National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
- Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)(past)
- Institute of Medicine (IOM)(current)
- Traditionally revised every 5 years (last
traditional RDA10th ed, 1989) - First RDAs formulated during WWII to adequately
feed soldiers
3RDA Uses
- USDAs Thrifty Food Plan
- Food Stamp Program
- School Lunch Program
- Institutional Food Services
- Women, Infant, Children Food Supplementation
Program (WIC)
4RDAs What are they?
- allowances, not requirements
- different age groups
- males and females
- pregnant and lactating women
- Traditionally for protein, 11 vitamins, 7
minerals - New RDAs include CHO, FAT, exercise
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6RDAs How are they determined?
- Determine individual requirements of healthy
people - Nutrient balance studies
- Measure intake and losses and nutrient markers
7Figure 2-2 Nutrient Requirements Vary From
Person To Person
8RDAs How are they determined?
- Determination of allowance
- Safety factor
- individual variations
- bioavailability of different foods
- Iron
- Protein
- folate
9Figure 2-2 Nutrient Requirements Vary From
Person To Person
10DRIs Updated version of the RDAs
- Dietary Reference Intakes
- RDAs levels of intake of essential
nutrients... to be adequate to meet the known
nutritional needs of practically all healthy
persons.
11DRIs differ from RDAs
- Incorporates risk reduction for chronic diseases
- Includes essential and other food components
(CHO, PRO, FAT, fiber, phytoestrogens, etc)
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14Components of DRIs
- DRI Recommended Intakes
- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
- well substantiated evidence
- Adequate Intake (AI)
- less substantiated/controversial
15Other components of DRIs
- Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
- Useful for population studies
- Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
- Side effects/toxicity may occur if consumed above
this level
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18Dietary Reference Intakes
- 1997 Bone nutrients
- Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D,
fluoride - 1998 B vitamins
- B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folate, pantothenate,
biotin, choline - 2000 Antioxidants
- vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, carotenoids
- 2001 Miscellaneous
- vitamins AK, iron, copper, zinc, etc...
- 2002 CHO, FAT, PRO, Fiber, Physical Activity
19DRI for Calcium
- released August 1997
- Calcium AIs
- 9-18 yr 1300 mg/d
- Old RDA 800-1200
- 19-50 yr 1000 mg/d
- Old RDA 800
- gt 50 yr 1200 mg/d
- RDA 800
20DRIs for CHO, PRO, FAT, Fiber and Physical
ActivityControversy brewing?
- Sept. 2002
- Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
- AMDR
- CHO 45-55 of Calories
- 2000 USDA Dietary guidelines 60
- 2005 USDA Dietary Guidelines not specified,
choose fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, whole
grains often - FAT 20-35
- 2000 USDA Dietary guidelines lt30
- 2005 USDA Dietary Guidelines 20-35
- Emphasis on unsaturated fat, less saturated fat
- PRO 10-35
- Old RDAs 0.8gP/kgBW (about same)
21DRIs for CHO, PRO, FAT, Fiber and Physical
Activity
- Dietary Fiber25g women, 38g men
- 2000 Dietary guidelines 25g/2000Cal
- 2005 DG not specified
- Exercise
- Moderately intense exercise accumulated for one
hour every day - 1996 Surgeon Generals Report 30 minutes/day
- 2005 Dietary Guidelines
- gt 30 min/day to reduce chronic disease risk
- 60 min/day to manage weight
- 60-90 min/day to sustain weight loss
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23DRIs for CHO, FAT, PRO, FIBER, Physical
ActivitySept. 2002
- Carbohydrates 45-65 of Calories
- Dietary Guidelines gt50-60
- DRI lt 25 from added sugars
- Fat 20-35 of Calories
- Dietary Guidelines lt30
- Specific levels of essential fatty acids made
- Protein 10-35 of Calories
- Old RDAs gt0.8g/kgBW
- Recommendations are similar
24DRIs for CHO, FAT, PRO, FIBER, Physical
ActivitySept. 2002
- Fiber
- First recommendations for RDA/DRI
- Adults lt 50 yrs males 38g, females 25g
- Adults gt50 males 30g, females 21g
- Past recommendations 25-35g
- Physical Activity
- First recommendations for RDA/DRI
- Maintain cardiovascular health at a maximum
level - gt 1 hr/day at moderately intense level
25DRI for Calcium and Related Nutrients (Vit D, P,
Mg, F)
- AIs for Vitamin D
- 9-18 yrs 5 ug/d (RDA 10 ug/d)
- 19-50 yrs 5 ug/d (RDA 5 ug/d)
- gt51 yrs 10 ug/d (RDA 5 ug/d)
26DRIs for B-Vitamins
- Released April 1998
- Similar for B1, B2, B3, B6
- Folic Acid
- adults 400 ug/d (180-200)
- pregnancy 600 ug/d (400)
27DRIs for B-Vitamins
- Vitamin B-12
- 2.4 ug/d (2.0 ug/d)
- now includes
- Pantothenic Acid
- Biotin
- Choline
28FCSN 245 Upcoming Schedule
- Tuesday, April 15
- Turn in study group cards
- Federal income taxes due ?
- April 15-18 Discussion Labs
- Food Label Activity
- Recording 3 day food record
- Tuesday, April 22
- Exam 1
- Chapters 2 (dietary guidelines, labels, RDAs)
4 (carbs)