(Transformational) Generative Grammar

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(Transformational) Generative Grammar

• (??) ?? ??

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1. Standard Theory (????)

• Chomsky, Noam (1965) Aspects of Syntactic Theory
• ?????
• ??? ??????(Transformational Generative
  Grammar)? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??.
• Indefinite number of sentences(surface
  structures) are derived by means of applying
  transformational rules to underlying(deep)
  structure.

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??????(Transformational Generative Grammar)?
framework(?)

•        Phrase Structure Rules
•                      Projection
  Rules
•             Lexicon
•          deep structure
•                   lt
  transformational rules
• (Deletion,
  Substitution, Insertion, Movement) 
•         surface structure
•                 lt Morphophonemic
  rules(Affix Hopping)
•           utterances

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(e.g.)   deep structure John past
break the window

•     Structural Description  NP-past-V-NP
•     Structural Index          1,   2,  
  3,  4
•     Structural Change       
•      Passivization ?      4, 2 be -en, 3,
  0, by1
•     surface structure
• the window past be
  -en- V by John
•    
•   Affix Hopping ?  
• (utterance) The window was broken by
  John.

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Phrase Structure Rules(PSRs)?????

• S ? NP AUX VP
• NP ? (Det) (A) N (S) (PP)
• AUX ? TNS (M) (have en) (be ing) (be en)
• VP ? V (PP)
• VP ? V Adv
• VP ? V NP
• VP ? V NP PP

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Lexicon (???)

• Grammatical categories
• Subcategorizational rules
• Selectional restrictions
• Argument structures

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Subcategorizational rules(????? ??)

• (1) a. John vanished.
• b. John vanished into the forest.
• (2) a. John belongs.
• b. John belongs to the group.
• (3) a. John put.
• b. John put the book.
• c. John put the book on the desk.

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Subcategorizational rules

• (1) vanish ltVgt, ___ (PP)
• (2) belong ltVgt, ___ PP to-NP
• (3) put ltVgt, ___ NP LOC PP
• (4) make ltVgt, ___ NP (PP to/for-NP)