Sand Filtration

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Sand Filtration
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Tipe

• Slow sand filtration
• Rapid (gravity) sand filtration
• Rapid (pressure) sand filtration

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Pengertian.?

• Sand filtration is a water purification process
  in which water is passed through a porous bed of
  filter medium
• Slow sand filtration?
• Rapid sand filtration?

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Parameter desain SSF
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Perbedaan?

• Slow sand filters are distinguished from rapid
  sand filters by the biologically active sand
  medium (including the Biofilm), and slow
  detention times.
• In a mature sand bed, a thin upper sand layer
  called a Schmutzedecke (Biofilm) forms. The
  Biofilm consists of biologically active
  microorganisms that break down organic matter
  while suspended inorganic matter is removed by
  straining.
• Rapid sand filters utilize primarily a physical
  removal process, are periodically backwashed for
  cleaning, and operate with long detention times.
• Slow sand filters are cleaned by periodically
  scraping the existing Biofilm.

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RAPID SAND FILTER
SLOW SAND FILTER

• Effective size 0.35-0.50 mm
• Uniformity coefficient gt1.3/1.7
• Filtration Rate 5 m3/m2.jam

• Effective size 0.15-0.35 mm
• Uniformity coefficient 2-3
• Filtration Rate 0.1-0.2 m3/m2.jam

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Operasi
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Mekasnisme proses..

1. Mechanical, Phisical
2. Biological

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Backwash.

• When is Backwashing Needed?
• The head loss is so high that the filter no
  longer produces water at the desired rate
  (Filter Mampet)
• Floc starts to break through the filter and the
  turbidity in the filter effluent increases
  (Effluent keruh)

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BackWash
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Expansion area 20-50 dari ketinggian bed
filter