Wireless Body Area Network

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Wireless Body Area Network
University of Tehran School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

• Presented By
• Soroush Gorji Makhsous 810187057
• Class Presentation for Custom Implementation of
  DSP Systems Course
• Spring 2010
• This presentation is mostly based on ISSCC2010
  conference paper
• A 110 uW 10Mb/s eTextiles Transceiver for Body
  Area Networks with Remote Battery Power
• Patrick P. Mercier, Anantha P. Chandrakasan
  ,Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Outline

• Introduction
• Wireless Body Area Network
• Sensor Devices
• WBAN Application Areas
• Body Sensor Network
• Technical Requirements
• Electronics Textiles
• Conclusion

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Introduction

• An aging population and sedentary lifestyle are
  fueling the prevalence of chronic diseases such
  as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and
  diabetes. According to the WHO, cardiovascular
  disease causes 30 percent of all deaths in the
  world. Diabetes currently affects 180 million
  people worldwide and is expected to affect around
  360 million by 2030. More than 2.3 billion people
  will be overweight by 2015. A rapid rise in
  debilitating neuro-degenerative diseases such as
  Parkinsons and Alzheimers is threatening
  millions more.
• The advent of miniaturized sensors and actuators
  for monitoring, diagnostic, and therapeutic
  functions, and advances in wireless technology
  have opened up new frontiers in the race to
  conquer healthcare challenges. Ultra-low-power
  wireless connectivity among devices placed in,
  on, and around the human body is seen as a key
  technology enabling unprecedented portability for
  monitoring physiological signs in the hospital,
  at home, and on the move.

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Introduction

• Body area networking (BAN) technology has the
  potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery in
  ambulances, emergency rooms, operation theaters,
  postoperative recovery rooms, clinics, and homes.
  The benefits of unobtrusive, and continuous
  monitoring/treatment include long-term trend
  analysis, detection of transient abnormalities,
  prompt alerting of a caregiver to intervene in
  case of an emergency, regulation of treatment
  regimes, reduction of errors, reduction of
  hospital stays, extending independent living for
  seniors, and improved patient comfort. BAN offers
  a paradigm shift from managing illness to
  proactively managing wellness by focusing on
  prevention and early detection/treatment of
  diseases.

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Wireless Body Area Network

• A wireless body area network (WBAN) connects
  independent nodes (e.g., sensors and actuators)
  that are situated in the clothes, on the body or
  under the skin of a person. The network typically
  extends over the whole human body and the nodes
  are connected through a wireless communication
  channel.
• According to the implementation, these nodes are
  placed in a star or multi hop topology . A WBAN
  offers many promising, new applications in
  home/health care, medicine, sports, multimedia,
  and many other areas, all of which make advantage
  of the unconstrained freedom of movement a WBAN
  offers.A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
  consists of several small devices close to,
  attached to or implanted into the human body.
  These devices communicate by means of a wireless
  network. Interaction with the user or other
  persons is generally handled by a central device,
  e.g. a PDA

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Wireless Body Area Network

• The WBAN system is divided into three levels
• The lowest level consists a set of intelligent
  sensors or nodes. These are the reduced function
  devise. These can only communicate with there
  parent device and cannot act as parent.
• The second level is the personal server (Internet
  enabled PDA, cell-phone, or home computer). These
  are full function devices. And they can
  communicate with there children as well as with
  the external network.
• The third level encompasses a network of remote
  server which is the remote application to which
  data or information is transferred.

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Wireless Body Area Network
Sensor level
Personal Server Level
Medical Service Level
E. Jovanov, et al., A wireless body area network
of intelligent motion sensors for computer
assisted physical rehabilitation, Journal of
NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 2005, 26
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Sensor Devices

• Sensors fall into three categories
• Physiological sensors measure ambulatory blood
  pressure, continuous glucose monitoring, core
  body temperature, blood oxygen, and signals
  related to respiratory inductive plethysmography,
  electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography
  (EEG), and electromyography (EMG).
• Biokinetic sensors measure acceleration and
  angular rate of rotation derived from human
  movement.
• Ambient sensors measure environmental
  phenomena, such as humidity, light, sound
  pressure level, and temperature.

4
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Sensor Devices
4
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WBAN Application Areas

• Body senor network
• Fitness monitoring
• Wearable audio
• Mobile device centric
• Gaming Entertainment
• Consumer Electronics Applications media
  players, and headsets

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WBAN Application Areas
2
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Body Sensor Network

• Medical application
• Wearable Monitoring Systems
• Pulse Oximeter
• Electrocardiograph (EKG)
• Electroencephalography (EEG)
• Electromyography (EMG)

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Body Sensor Network
4
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Technical Requirements

• Architecture
• Density
• Data rate
• Latency
• Mobility

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Technical Requirements

• There is no specific standard for BANs
• Current standards come close for specific use
  cases, not broad enough
• Issues power consumption, discovery, QoS
• Support for very low power devices, sensors
• Target less than 10 power consumption for
  communications compared to total device
• Have single standard with broad range of
  supported data rate - scalability

Technical requirements of selected BAN
applications 2
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Technical Requirements
Data rates and power requirements for WBAN
according to 6.
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Technical Requirements
Characteristics of candidate technologies for
WBAN 4
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Technical Requirements
Merits and demerits of candidate technologies for
BAN 4
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Electronics Textiles (eTextiles)
1
Implemented eTextiles system 1
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Electronics Textiles (eTextiles)

• An emerging technique for conveying information
  around the human body uses electronics textiles
  (eTextiles) as a communication medium.
• The medium consists of two electrically separate
  grids of conductive yarn. Sensor nodes physically
  connect to the shared medium using metallic
  button-snaps, and communicate via an eTextiles
  transceiver chip.
• Using a pair of physical low-impedance
  connections has the distinct advantage over
  wireless and/or BCC systems to be able to
• 1) signal differentially, permitting
  energy-efficient amplitude-modulation schemes
  that tolerate coupled interference, and
• 2) power sensor nodes remotely from a local
  basestation (BS) at extremely high efficiency,
  minimizing the energy storage requirements on
  each node.

1
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eTextiles transceiver block diagram
2
eTextiles transceiver block diagram used for
sensor nodes. The BS uses the same chip, but
replaces the super capacitor with a battery 1.
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Die Photograph Chip Summary 1
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Conclusion

• WBAN opens up a whole new field of sensor
  networking and intelligent technology. It is a
  very practical way to track user activities for
  different purposes. It has a wide range of
  implementations in Medical rehabilitation,
  digital IDs, military and ultimately to personal
  entertainment systems. There are some design and
  social issues which are currently posing some
  limitation on commercial level implementation of
  WBAN.

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References

1. ISSCC 2010 / DIRECTIONS IN HEALTH, ENERGY RF /
   A 110 W 10Mb/s eTextiles Transceiver for Body
   Area Networks with Remote Battery Power, Patrick
   P. Mercier, Anantha P. Chandrakasan
   ,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
   Cambridge, MA
2. Enabling Technologies for Wireless Body Area
   Networks A Survey and Outlook,Huasong Cao and
   Victor Leung, University of British Columbia
   Cupid Chow and Henry Chan, The Hong Kong
   Polytechnic University
3. A 1.12 pJ/b Inductive Transceiver With a
   Fault-Tolerant Network Switch for Multi-Layer
   Wearable Body Area Network Applications, Jerald
   Yoo, Student Member, IEEE, Seulki Lee, Student
   Member, IEEE, and Hoi-Jun Yoo, Fellow, IEEE
   JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 44, NO. 11,
   NOVEMBER 2009

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References
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1. Body Area Sensor Networks Challenges and
   Opportunities ,Mark A. Hanson, Harry C. Powell
   Jr., Adam T. Barth, Kyle Ringgenberg, Benton H.
   Calhoun, James H. Aylor, and John Lach,
   University of Virginia , IEEE Computer Society
   2009
2. Data Security And Privacy In Wireless Body Area
   Networks, Ming Li And Wenjing Lou, Worcester
   Polytechnic Institute Kui Ren, Illinois Institute
   Of Technology, IEEE Wireless Communications
   February 2010
3. S. Drude, Requirements and application scenarios
   for body area networks,in Proc. Mobile Wireless
   Commun. Summit, 2007, 16th IST, Jul.15, pp. 15.

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Thank for your attention