Nationalism in Latin America

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Nationalism in Latin America

• Chapter 18 Section 4

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Latin America
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The Latin American Economy

• Early 1900s, economy was based on export of food
  and raw materials.
• DO NOT WRITE
• Argentina exported beef wheat
• Chile Nitrates copper
• Brazil and Caribbean nations sugar
• Central America - bananas

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Role of the United States

• 1920s, U.S. replaced Britain as the foremost
  investor in L.A.
• U.S. put funds directly into production and ran
  companies themselves.
• U.S. owned the United Fruit Company and
  controlled copper mining in Chile Peru and oil
  industries in Mexico, Peru, Bolivia.

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Good Neighbor Policy

• Policy rejected the use of U.S. military force in
  Latin America
• FDR withdrew the last marines from Haiti in 1934.

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Impact of the Great Depression

• Terrible impact on the L.A. economy.
• Exports were no longer in demand.
• One positive G.D. forced the development of new
  industries.
• Most industry was government run.

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The Move to Authorization

• Most L.A. countries had republican forms of
  government.
• In reality, they were run by the church, military
  leaders, large landowners.
• They used military force to maintain power.

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Continued

• Unrest caused leaders to exercise stricter
  controls.
• Examples Brazil, Mexico, Argentina

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Argentina
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Argentina

• Controlled by an oligarchy.
• Made up of the wealthy landowners.
• 1916, Hipolito Irigoyen, Radical Party, elected
  president.
• 1930, military overthrew the government
  reestablished the oligarchy.

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Hipolito Irigoyen
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Continued

• During World War II, military officers formed the
  Group of United Officers (GOU).
• GOU overthrew the government in 1943.
• Juan Peron elected president.

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Juan Peron
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Brazil
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Brazil

• 1889, formed a republican government.
• Controlled by landed elites who became wealthy by
  growing coffee.
• By 1900, ¾ of worlds coffee was grown in Brazil.
• Great Depression hurt coffee prices.

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Continued

• 1930, military coup made Getulio Vargas president
  of Brazil.
• 1937, Vargas made himself dictator and
  established a Fascist dictatorship.
• 1945, the army forced Vargas to resign.

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Getulio Vargas
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Mexico

• The post-revolution government was democratic in
  form.
• The PRI controlled politics.
• 1934, Lazaro Cardenas became president.
• He wanted to follow through with the ideas of the
  revolution.
• He redistributed land to peasants and took a
  strong stand with the U.S., especially over oil.

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Lazaro Cardenas
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Continued

• After a dispute, Cardenas seized control of the
  oil fields.
• U.S. oil companies asked FDR to intervene, but he
  refused.
• Mexico paid for the property and set up PEMEX.

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Culture in Latin America

• Early 20th century, European artistic literary
  movements influenced L.A. culture.
• Many artists expressed a national spirit.
• Diego Rivera was a Mexican artist who studied in
  Europe.
• Rivera wanted to create a national art that would
  include Mexicos past, its cultural heritage, and
  carry a social and political message.

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Diego Rivera
Frida Reparte Armas
Carro de Flores
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Diego Rivera
Noche de Ricos
Frida Khalo y Diego Rivera
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End of Chapter 18

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