Perception of Self and Others

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Perception of Self and Others
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The Perception Process

• Attention and Selection
• Needs
• Interests
• Expectations
• Organization of Stimuli
• Simplicity
• Pattern
• Interpretation of Stimuli

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Perceptions of Self

• Self-concept your self identity
• Self-identity your overall evaluation of your
  competence and personal worthiness

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Forming Maintaining a Self-Concept

• Personal experiences
• Reactions and responses of others

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Developing Maintaining Self-Esteem

• The influence of gender and culture on
  self-perceptions
• Changing self-perceptions

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Accuracy Distortions of Self-Perceptions

• Incongruence
• Self-fulfilling prophecies
• Filtering messages
• Media images

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The Effects of Self-Perceptions

• Self-perceptions moderate how we talk to
  ourselves
• Self-perceptions influence how we talk about
  ourselves with others
• Self-perceptions affect communication apprehension

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Perception of Others

• Uncertainty reduction
• Observing others
• Using stereotypes
• Prejudice
• Discrimination
• Emotional state
• Perceiving others messages

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Improving the Accuracy of Social Perceptions

• Question the accuracy of perceptions
• Seek more information to verify perceptions
• Realize that your perceptions of a person will
  change over time
• Use the skill of perception checking

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Perception Check

• A message that reflects your understanding of the
  meaning of anothers nonverbal behavior
• Describe the behaviors of the other person that
  have led to your perception
• Add your interpretation of the behavior to your
  statement

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Perceiving Others

• Narratives and perception
• Perceptual tendencies
• We judge ourselves more favorably
• We are influenced by what is most obvious
• We cling to first impressions
• We assume others are similar to us
• We favor negative impressions
• We blame innocent victims

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Situations Influencing Perception

• Relationship satisfaction
• Involvement with other person
• Past experiences
• Expectations
• Social roles
• Knowledge
• Self-concept
• Perception and culture
• Empathy

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Self Concept Defined

• Our self concept
• Stable perceptions about ourselves
• Similarities, differences between us other
  people
• How to identify ourselves
• Characteristics, descriptions of ourselves
• Personal traits
• Self Esteem
• Evaluations of our self-worth
• Influences the way we communicate
• More or less willing to communicate

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Communication Development of the Self

• Identity comes from communication with othersa
  social product of experience with people
• Our significant others (those we value)their
  influence is great (decreases later in life)
• We attach significance to our interpretations of
  othersnegative self-images may result in
  behavioral disorders

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Perceiving the Self

• Culture and self concept
• Culture influences self-concept and communication
• Different cultures sometimes cause
  misunderstanding
• Self concept, personality, and communication
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• How predicted behaviors affect communication

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Impression and Identity Management

• Impression management
• Perceived self
• Presenting self
• Characteristics of identity management
• We strive to construct multiple identities
• Identity management is collaborative
• Identity management can be conscious or
  unconscious
• People differ in their degree of identity
  management

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Impression Management

• Why manage impressions?
• Make others comfortable
• Accomplish personal goals
• How do we manage impressions?
• Manner
• Appearance
• Setting
• Impression management and honesty