NANOMATERIALS FROM BALL MILLING

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NANOMATERIALS FROM BALL MILLING

• W. COURTNEY FEB 7, 2006

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APPARATUS

• Mater. Sci. Engin. A 206, 1996, 24

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Chen et al, Phys. Rev. B 48,1993, 14
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Extended Milling Amorphization
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Ball Milling High energy Ball Milling
Milling time lt 1 hours 20-200 hours
Impact energy (W/g/ball) 0.001 0.2
Particle size mm mm (clusters)
Structural changes No Yes
Chemical reactions No Yes
Atmosphere No control Vacuum, gases
Temperature No control L-N2 -700 oC
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Impact Energy of Vibrating Ball Mill

• Mb Vmax f
• I Mp

Chen et al, Phys. Rev. B 48,1993, 14
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS DURING BALL MILLING
Ti (Zr, Fe, B) NH3 ? nano-TiN (nano-ZrN, FeN,
BN) Ti (Fe, Zr) O2 ? nano-TiO2 (nano-FeOx,
-ZrOy)
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(No Transcript)
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Nanotube Precursor created by ball milling
Nucleation structures Pentagons Micropores nan
osized metal particles Fe, Cr
Disordered carbon as C atom source
Appl. Phys. A, 76 (2003) p. 107-110
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NANOTUBES CREATED FROM EXTENDED MILLING FOLLOWED
BY THERMAL ANNEALING
Chen et al, Phys. Rev. B 48,1993, 14
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OTHER REFERENCES

• Guo XM et al. Mechanochemical formation of novel
  catalyst for preparing carbon nanotubes.
• Scripta Materialia. 48(8)1185-1188
• Konya Z. et al, ,Large scale production of short
  functionalized carbon nanotubes.
• Chemical Physics Letters. 360(5-6)429-435
• Gao B. et al, Enhanced saturation lithium
  composition in ball-milled SWNTs.
• Chemical Physics Letters. 327(1-2)69-75,
• Kim YA. et al. Effect of ball milling on
  morphology of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes.
• Chemical Physics Letters. 355(3-4)279-284
• Pierard N. et al. Production of short carbon
  nanotubes with open tips by ball milling.
• Chemical Physics Letters. 335(1-2)1-8, 2001 Feb
  16.
• Li YB et al. Transformation of carbon nanotubes
  to nanoparticles by ball milling process.
• Carbon. 37(3)493-497, 1999.