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Foam Equipment

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Foam Equipment & Systems Sugar Land Fire Department Driver/Operator-Pumper Academy Spring 2003 Know Foam Concentrate Foam proportioner Foam solution Foam Foam ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Foam Equipment


1
Foam Equipment Systems
  • Sugar Land Fire Department
  • Driver/Operator-Pumper Academy
  • Spring 2003

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Know
  • Foam Concentrate
  • Foam proportioner
  • Foam solution
  • Foam
  • Foam expansion

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Storing Foam
  • Pails
  • Barrels
  • Apparatus Tanks

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Class A Foam
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Class A Foam
  • Application ratessame as the minimum critical
    flow rate for water
  • Application of foam types
  • Wet foam areas requiring maximum penetration
    foam
  • Dry foam vertical surfaces
  • Medium foam areas requiring a balance of
    penetration and clinging ability

10
Class B Foam
  • Used for fires involving flammable and
    combustible liquids
  • Proportioning
  • Mixed from 1-6
  • Follow the manufacturers instructions
  • Factors that affect degree of expansion
  • Type of foam concentrate used
  • Accurate proportioning of the foam concentrate in
    the solution
  • Quality of the foam concentrate
  • Method of aspiration

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Class B Foam
  • Foam expansion types/ratios
  • Low expansion 20 parts finished foam for every
    part of foam solution
  • Medium expansion 201 through 2001
  • High expansion 2001 through 20001
  • Application rates
  • Type of foam concentrate used
  • Whether or not the fuel is on fire
  • Type of fuel involved
  • Whether the fuel is spilled or in a tank

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  • Regular protein foam
  • Derived from naturally occurring sources of
    protein such as hoof, horn, or feather meal
  • Rarely used in the fire service today
  • Fluoroprotein foam
  • Combination protein based and synthetic based
    foam
  • Very high degree of heat resistance and water
    retention

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  • Film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP)
  • Based on fluoroprotein foam technology with
    aqueous film forming foam
  • Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
  • Completely synthetic
  • Consists of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon
    surfactants combined with high boiling point
    solvents and water.

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  • 3 by 63 on hydrocarbon fuels and 6 on polar
    solvent fuels
  • 3 by 33 on hydrocarbon and 3 on polar solvent
    fuels
  • 1 by 31 on hydrocarbon and 3 on polar solvent
    fuels

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Low-Energy Foam
  • Pressure of the water stream flowing through an
    orifice creates a venturi action that inducts
    (drafts) foam concentrate into the water stream.
  • Pressurized proportioning devices inject foam
    concentrate into the water stream at a desired
    ratio and at a higher pressure than that of the
    water.

19
In-Line Foam Eductors
  • Use the Venturi Principle to draft foam
    concentrate into the water stream
  • Both nozzle and eductor must have the same rating
    in gpm
  • Six rules
  • The eductor must control the flow through the
    system
  • Pressure at the outlet of the eductor must not
    exceed 65 to 70 percent of the eductor inlet
    pressure
  • Foam solution concentrate is only correct at the
    rated inlet pressure, usually 150 to 200 psi
  • Eductors must be properly maintained and flushed
    after each use
  • Metering valves must be set to match the foam
    concentrate percentage and the burning fuel.

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Foam Nozzle Eductors
  • Operate on the same principle as the in-line
    eductor
  • Are built into the nozzle rather than the hoseline

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Self-Educting Master Stream Foam Nozzles
  • Used where flows in excess of 350 gpm are
    required
  • Use a rich, overproportioned solution that is
    diluted at the nozzle deflector plates
  • Are available with flow capabilities up to 14,000
    gpm
  • May use a jet ratio controller

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Variable-flow Variable-rate Injection Systems
  • Operate off power supplied by the apparatus
    electrical system
  • Control foam concentrate injection by monitoring
    water flow and controlling the speed of a
    positive displacement foam concentrate pump, thus
    injecting concentrate at the desired ratio.
  • Can be used with all Class A foam concentrates
    and many Class B concentrates

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Variable Flow/Rate Direct Injection Systems
  • Advantages
  • Possess the ability to proportion at any flow
    rate or pressure within the design limits of the
    system
  • Automatically adjust to changes in water flow
    when nozzles are either opened or closed
  • May position nozzles either above or below the
    pump without affecting the foam proportioning
  • May be used with high-energy foam systems

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Variable Flow/Rate Direct Injection Systems
  • Disadvantage
  • Foam injection point must be within the piping
    before any manifolds or distribution to multiply
    fire pump discharge

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Variable Flow, Demand-Type, Balanced Pressure
Proportioners
  • The foam concentrate flow and pressure match
    system demand
  • There is no re-circulation back to the foam
    concentrate tank.
  • Water and/or foam solution can be discharged
    simultaneously from any combination of outlets up
    to rated capacity.

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High Energy Foam System
  • (CAFS) Compressed Air Foam Systems
  • Introduction of compressed air into the foam
    solution prior to discharge into the hoseline

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Advantages/Disadvantages
  • Advantages
  • The reach of the fire stream is considerably
    longer than streams from low-energy systems
  • A CAFS produces uniformly sized, small air
    bubbles that are very durable.
  • CAFS-produced foam adheres to the fuel surface
    and resists heat longer than low-energy foam
  • Hoselines containing high-energy foam solution
    are lighter than hoselines containing low-energy
    foam solution or plain water.
  • A CAFS provides a safer fire suppression action
    that allows effective attack on the fire from a
    greater distance.
  • Most systems also designed to flow plain water.

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Advantages/Disadvantages
  • Disadvantages
  • A CAFS adds expense to a vehicle and adds to the
    maintenance functions that must be performed on
    the vehicle
  • Hose reaction can be erratic with a CAFS if foam
    solution is not supplied to the hoseline in
    sufficient quantities
  • The compressed air accentuates the hose reaction
    in the event the hose ruptures.
  • Additional training is required for personnel who
    are expected to make a fire attack using a CAFS
    or who will operate CAFS equipment

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