Pinnipeds of the World

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Pinnipeds of the World

• Family Otaridae
• The Eared Seals

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Hookers Sea Lion

• Range New Zealand the Auklands
• Diet squid, octopus, fish, crab mussels
• Population 3,000
• males measure between 2.0-3.25 m in length and
  weigh 300-450 kg
• females measure 1.6-2 m in length and weigh up to
  160 kg

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Hookers Sea Lion

• Facts in the 1800s they were hunted for their
  oil and leather
• between 1995-97 an estimated gt100 sea lions
  drowned annually in squid trawl nets

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South American Sea Lion

• Range E W coasts of South American
• Diet squid, crustaceans, fish
• Population 257,000
• males measure an average of 2.6 m long and weigh
  around 300 kg
• females measure an average of
• 1.8-2 m long and weigh around
• 150 kg

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South American Sea Lion

• Facts in the 1800s they were hunted for their
  oil and leather
• Conflict with fisheries throughout their range
  causes problems for South American sea lions
  including reduced fish stocks, killing by
  fishermen to avoid damage to nets, and they are
  often caught as bycatch in gillnets
• and longlines, and entangled in
• trawl nets.

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Californian Sea Lion

• Range West coast of N. Am, Sea of Japan,
  Galapagos Islands
• Diet squid, octopus, fish
• Population 110,000
• Males may reach 454 kg (average 390 kg) and 2.1 m
  in length
• Females grow to 110 kg and up to 1.8 m in length

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Californian Sea Lion

• Facts they also eat
• salmon and in Japan are
• killed because of competition.
• Commonly used as trained seals
• very social animals, and groups often rest
  closely packed together at favored haul-out sites
  on land, or float together on the ocean's surface
  in "rafts."

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Australian Sea Lion

• Range SW coast of Aus.
• Diet squid, fish, crayfish
• Population 6000
• males measure between 2-2.5 m in length and weigh
  250-300 kg
• females measure between 1.3-1.8 m in length and
  weigh 61-104 kg

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Australian Sea Lion

• Goes 6 miles inland to feed
• hunted for its hide and oil in
• the 18th and 19th centuries before which its
  range extended as far as the islands in Bass
  Strait
• unexplained dramatic fluctuations in pup
  mortality rates which may be endangering the
  species

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Stellar Sea Lion

• Range Sea of Othotsk
• Alaska California
• Diet squid, octopus, crabs, fish, crabs
• Population 245,000
• male is 300 cm and can weigh up to
• 1000 kg (largest 9.5 ft 2200 lbs)
• female is 250 cm and weighs 270 kg

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Stellar Sea Lion

• Facts too belligerent for circus
• Reasons for decline in Alaska include an
  increase in parasites and disease, predation by
  killer whales, nutritional stress caused by
  competition with humans or other species for food
  and/or changes in abundance, quality and
  distribution of prey, and environmental factors
  such as pollution.

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Stellar Sea Lion Decline

• 1969 1979 1986

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Northern Fur Seal

• Range ring northern
• Pacific from Japan to California
• Diet fish and squid
• Population 1,840,000
• Males are 2.1m in length and weigh
• 175-275kg
• females are smaller at an average 1.4m in length
  and 30-50kg

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Northern Fur Seal

• Facts in 1911, 200,000
• killed by Russians for fur. Today 25,000
  immature males harvested annually
• signing in 1911 of the North Pacific Fur Seal
  Convention by the US, Japan, Russia and the UK
  (for Canada).
• Among other provisions, the Convention banned the
  hunting of Northern fur seals at sea and
  restricted the killing on land to immature males

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Southern Hemisphere Fur Seals

• Range Diet Pop.
• Cape Fur Seal
• So. African SE coast Africa fishsquid 850,000
  
• Australian W coast Aus 20,000
• New Zealand New Zealand squidocto 40,000
• Juan Fernandez Archipelago fish,squid 1,000
• near Chili lobster
• Galapagos Galapagos Is fish 40,000

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Southern Hemisphere Fur Seals

• Diet Pop. Facts
• Guadalupe fish 1,000 1954 considered
  mollusks extinct
• So. American squid, fish 320,000
• lobster
• Antarctic krill 800,000
• immature penguins
• Subantarctic fish, squid 110,000
• shrimp, penguin

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Family Phocidae

• the True Seals
• No external ear flaps
• Pelvis does not turn under body

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Monk Seals

• Diet Pop. Facts
• Caribbean fish extinct? 1952 last
• octopus doc. Sighting
• Mediterranean fish 350 loss of
• octopus habitat
• Hawaiian fish, squid 1,000 removed from
• octopus Hawaiian Is

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Weddell Seal

• Range Fast Ice of Antarctica
• Diet Fish and squid
• Population 750,000
• Facts Deepest Diving after Elephant Seal
• 2000 ft. for more than an hour

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Ross Seal

• Range Pack Ice of Antarctica
• Diet squid
• Population 220,000
• Facts Antarctic sealers dont go out on pack
  ice therefore, numbers not depleted due to
  hunting

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Crabeater Seal

• Range Pack Ice coast of Antarctica
• Diet 100 krill
• Population 15,000,000
• Facts Antarctic sealers dont go out on pack
  ice therefore, numbers not depleted due to hunting

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Crabeater Seal Facts

• Most numerous pinniped
• One of the most numerous mammals
• Fast seal goes 14 mph
• Killer whale chief enemy
• Many seals carry scars-when whale grabs it on
  land, they instinctively roll to get away

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Leopard Seal

• Range Antarctica islands off S. Australia, S.
  America, Africa
• Diet Fish, squid, penguins, other pups
• Population 500,000
• Facts The only to seal to prey
• on other seal species, there are
• many tales from early explorers
• about harrowing encounters with
• Leopard seals

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Southern Elephant Seal

• Range Subantarctic Is. and Argentina
• Diet deep sea fish
• Population 600,000
• Males 5500 lbs, and 16ft long
• Females 1/3 size of males

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Southern Elephant Seal

• Largest pinniped
• Males mature at 8 years
• Lifespan 12-15 years
• Deepest diving to 5000 feet
• Bulls can be heard for several miles
• 1 male to 40-50 females

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Northern Elephant Seal

• Range Alaska to Baja
• Diet Deep bottom dwellers ratfish, swell
  sharks, spiny dogfish, rockfish squid
• Population 1900 thought to be extinct
• Found 100 in Guadalupe Is.
• Today 130,000
• Some harvested today but is strictly controlled

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Harbor Seal

• Range around N. Pacific (Baja to Japan) N.
  Atlantic (Carolinas north)
• Diet fish and invertebrates
• Population 400,000
• Facts seal found on east coast of U.S.

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Larga Seal

• Range Bearing, Okhotsk, Chukchi
• Diet fish and invertebrates
• Population 400,000

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Ringed Seal

• Range Circumpolar in Arctic Ocean
• Diet cod and crustaceans
• Population 5,000,000
• Facts smallest true seal 4 feet and
• 100 lbs

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Ribbon Seal

• Range Bering Sea Sea of Okhotsk
• Diet Fish, shrimp, squid
• Population 180,000

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Gray Seal

• Range Labrador to Iceland to Spitzburgen
• Diet fish invertebrates
• Population 125,000
• Facts L male to 9' 10" (3 m), female to 7' 7"
  (2.3 m) Wt male to 770 lb (350 kg), female to
  440 lb (200 kg).

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Bearded Seal

• Range Arctic Ocean down to Hudson Bay Sea of
  Okhotsk
• Diet benthic organisms shrimp,
• crabs, clams, snails, sea
• cucumbers, flounder
• Population 500,000
• Facts solitary except for
• mating season whiskers on
• muzzle

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Harp Seal

• Range Gulf of St. Lawrence to White Sea
• Diet fish, shrimp, plankton, amphipods
• Population 3,500,000
• Facts babies have white coats and are hunted in
  Newfoundland for their fur
• 1950s 250,000 killed/year
• 1960s 180,000 killed/year
• 1990s kill 1.5
• (3.5 mil x 1.5 52,500)

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Hooded Seal

• Range Baffin Island Newfoundland
• Diet fish squid
• Population 600,000
• Facts Babies called bluebacks 1977 pelts
  Canada 6000, Norway 21,000 Greenland 3000, Russia
  kills many but doesnt report
• Adult males blow red balloon
• (septum) out of left nostril for
• courtship

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Baikal Seal

• Range Lake Baikal (Siberia)
• Diet fish
• Population 70,000
• Facts Baikal deepest freshwater lake in the
  world (1 mile deep)
• Only freshwater pinnipeds

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Caspian Seal

• Range Caspian Sea
• Diet fish crustaceans
• Population 450,000
• Facts Caspian Sea salt 10 ppt very brackish

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Family Odobenidae

• The Walruses

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Walrus

• Range Arctic Ocean and adjoining seas
• Diet mollusks (mostly clams)
• Population 1950 40,000
• 1975 100,000
• 1990 250,000
• 200 in Greenland, 3000 in Hudson Bay
• Facts Tusks made of Ivory up to 12
• 2nd largest pinniped only to Elephant seal

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Families of Pinnipeds

• Otariidae Odobenidae
• Eared Seals Walruses
• Phocidae
• True seals

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The End

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