FOREIGN TRADE POLICY

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Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade

• FOREIGN TRADE POLICY
• OF
• TURKEY

Iclal SINCER
Foreign Trade Expert General Directorate of
Economic Research and Assessment
Istanbul, 19th October 2009
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HISTORICAL BACKROUND
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
Before Republic Customs Policies 1934
Ministry of Economy Head of Foreign
Trade 1939 Ministry of Trade
Head of Foreign Trade 1971 Ministry of
Foreign Economic Relations 1971 General
Secretariat For Foreign Trade 1983
Undersecretariat For Treasury Foreign Trade
1994 - Undersecretariat For Foreign Trade
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Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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UFT FOREIGN MISSIONS
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MAIN OBJECTIVES
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
Expanding foreign trade culture and consciousness
throughout Turkey
Making institutional development consistent
Sustainable growth of export
Progressing import policies to support
production and to prevent economy from damages
and threats
Developing policies to provide supplying safe and
quality products
Making up strategies for facilitation of foreign
trade and progressing international contracting
and technical consultancy services
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FOREIGN TRADE POLICY OF TURKEY
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade

• Since 1980 Turkey implements an outward oriented
  trade policy
• Turkey starting from 1980 left import
  substitution policy and opened its market by
  gradually lowering its customs tariffs
• Membership to the WTO and the Customs Union with
  the EU are Turkeys two major economic
  involvements determining the direction of foreign
  trade policies
• As a founding member of the WTO, Turkey acts
  according to the rules and disciplines of the WTO
  and is committed to push forward liberalisation
  in the multilateral arena

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WTO
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade

• Member of the GATT (1951)
• Founding member of the WTO (1995)
• Developing country status in the WTO
• Committed to the multilateral rules and
  principles

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TURKISH STANCE AT THE WTO
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade

• DDA new market-opening measures synchronized
  with rules for the creation of a fairer and more
  competitive international trade system
• Agriculture elimination of all trade distorting
  measures, gradual tariff liberalization and SD
  flexibilities
• NAMA real market access opportunities
  improvement in South-South trade
• Trade facilitation fair, competitive,
  predictable and transparent trading environment
• Trade in services progressively higher level of
  liberalization with appropriate flexibility for
  individual developing countries

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EU
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade

• Being a party to the Customs Union, Turkeys
  trade policies are in line with the Common
  Commercial Policy of the EU
• Decision No. 1/95 of the Turkey-EC Association
  Council
• Free movement of goods and Commercial Policy
  (Article 2-23)
• Free circulation and elimination of customs
  duties (Article 4)
• Elimination of quantitative restrictions
  (Articles 5-11)
• Commercial Policy (Article 12)
• Common Customs Tariff (Articles 13-15)
• Preferential Tariff Policy (Article 16)
• Preferential Agreements with third countries
  (Article 16/1)
• Autonomous regimes (Article 16/1)
• Identical rules of origin (Article 16/2)

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MAIN DUTIES
MAIN DUTIES
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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TRADE PROMOTION
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade

• To formulate and conduct sector- and
  country-specific policies in connection with
  export loans and other state aids in line with
  WTO rules
• Sectoral Studies,
• State Aids for exporters,
• Market Access Strategies,
• Fairs and Promotion Activities,
• Free Zones , increasing production, trade and
  foreign direct investment
• Informing Exporters,
• Observing, conducting researches on foreign trade
  of Turkey and World, and presenting reports.
• e-trade.

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PROTECTION OF COMMERCIAL RIGHTS
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade

• Protective Trade Policy Instruments
• - Anti-Dumping and Countervailing
  Measures
• - Safeguard Measures
  
• Technical Regulations Standardization For
  Foreign Trade  

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Bilateral/Regional Dimension
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
Main objective is to create sound basis for
collaboration, support development and eliminate
trade barriers between the partners

• Key Turkish bilateral/regional agreements
• Turkey-EEC Association Agreement
• Customs Union Decision with the EU
• Turkey-ECSC Free Trade Agreement
• ACD No. 1/98 on trade in agriculture
• Economic, commercial, industrial and technical
  cooperation agreements with 46 countries
• Free Trade Agreements with EFTA, Balkan states,
  Mediterranean countries
• Agreements on reciprocal promotion and
  protection of investments
• ECO, BSEC, D-8, OIC

• Policy rationale for bilateral agreements
• trade expansion
• fostering reciprocal investments
• building sound basis for economic, technical
  and commercial cooperation
• promoting regional development
• developing trade and economic relations with
  neighbouring and
• surrounding countries

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Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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TRADE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade

• Strategy of Neighbour and Surrounding Countries
  (2000)
• Strategy of African Countries (2003)
• Strategy of Asian and Pasific Countries (2005)
• Strategy of USA (2006)
• Strategy of Latin American Countries (2007)

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TRADE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
FOREIGN TRADE DEVELOPMENTS OF TURKEY
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Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
Turkey in the World
2008

• 17th biggest economy
• GDP per capita 10.372 US
• Trade volume 334 billion US
• Trade to GDP ratio 45

• Ranks 16th in commercial
• services exports

• Ranks 24th in commercial
• services imports

() EU as single entity
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World and Turkey (2008)
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
Merchandise Exports
Merchandise Imports
Share of some countries
Share of some countries
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Foreign Trade Development Annual (2002-2009)
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
Billion
2009 January-August
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Foreign Trade Development (2008-2009)
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
January-August

• 30 deceleration of export
• 40 deceleration of import
• nearly 60 decrease of foreign trade balance

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EXPORT BY COUNTRY GROUPS
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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IMPORT BY COUNTRY GROUPS
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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BILATERAL TRADE WITH EU (2007-2009)
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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SECTORAL BREAKDOWN OF EXPORT
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
WTO Classification
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IMPORT (BEC)
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
Energy Imports
2009 (January-August) Share of Energy Imports ()
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Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
BILATERAL TRADE WITH MEMBER COUNTRIES OF OIC
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Bilateral Foreign Trade Development Annual
(2002-2009)
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
Billion
2009 January-August
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SECTORAL BREAKDOWN OF EXPORT
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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SECTORAL BREAKDOWN OF IMPORT
Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
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Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade
THANK YOU
Iclal SINCER Foreign Trade Expert General
Directorate of Economic Research and
Assessment E-mail sinceri_at_dtm.gov.tr Tel 90
312 2047987