Life Stages

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Life Stages
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Types of Development

• Physical development is how the body grows and
  changes.
• 2. Mental development is how the intellectual
  (thinking) ability of a person develops and
  changes.
• 3. Social development is how a person interacts
  with others.
• 4. Emotional development is the process of
  developing feelings and emotions.

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A. Infancy (birth to 1 year)

• Physical development
• a. Growth is most dramatic during the first year,
  with body weight tripling.
• b. Muscle coordination develops quickly.
• c. Teeth develop during this stage.
• d. By the end of the first year, an infants
  vision is good. He or she can see in color and
  can easily focus on objects and people.

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A. Infancy (birth to 1 year)

• 2. Mental development
• a. Newborns initially respond only to
  discomforts, such as pain, hunger, and dirty/wet
  diapers.
• b. By six months, infants make basic sounds and,
  by one year, say simple words.

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A. Infancy (birth to 1 year)

• 3. Social development
• a. By four months, infants recognize caregivers
  and respond to them.
• b. By six months, infants may show shyness or
  fear of strangers.
• c. By one year, infants may still show fear of
  strangers but easily socialize with familiar
  people.

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A. Infancy (birth to 1 year)

• 4. Emotional development
• a. Excitement is the first emotion of infancy.
• b. By four to six months, infants can show
  delight, distress, fear, and disgust.
• c. By one year, infants add elation and affection
  to their list of emotional responses.

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B. Early childhood (1 to 6 years)

• 1. Physical development
• a. Physical growth slows.
• b. Muscle coordination improves, allowing
  children to run, jump, climb, etc.
• c. Most teeth have developed at this stage.
• d. By ages two to four, most children are potty
  trained.

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B. Early childhood (1 to 6 years)

• 2. Mental development
• a. Verbal growth progresses rapidly (most
  children can speak 1,500 to 2,500 words).
• b. Children begin to remember details.
• c. Children begin to recognize letters, numbers,
  and words.
• d. By age five, children begin to read and write.

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B. Early childhood (1 to 6 years)

• 3. Social development
• a. Children begin this stage very self-centered.
• b. Children start to enjoy the company of others
  and to make friends.
• c. By age six, children are very social and enjoy
  playing with other children.

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B. Early childhood (1 to 6 years)

• 4. Emotional development
• a. Temper tantrums are common during ages one to
  two.
• b. Generally, children do not like change and
  will become angry or stubborn when changes do
  occur.
• c. Children begin to understand right and wrong.
• d. Children begin to handle their emotions better
  by age six.

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C. Late childhood (6 to 12 years)

• 1. Physical development
• a. Slow but steady growth occurs.
• b. Children may participate in physical activity
  with complex movements during this stage.
• c. Baby teeth are replaced with permanent teeth.
• d. Sexual maturity may begin.

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C. Late childhood (6 to 12 years)

• 2. Mental development
• a. Reading, writing, and speaking skills are
  developed in school.
• b. Problem solving is learned.
• c. Children become better decision makers.

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C. Late childhood (6 to 12 years)

• 3. Social development
• a. Early in this stage, children tend to like
  activities they can do by themselves.
• b. Later in this stage, children begin to want
  approval of their peers.
• c. Children make friends easily at this stage.

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C. Late childhood (6 to 12 years)

• 4. Emotional development
• a. Many fears develop as the child begins school.
• b. Children seek to achieve greater independence
  during this stage.
• c. Insecurities develop as the childs body
  begins to change.

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D. Adolescence (12 to 20 years)

• 1. Physical development
• a. Growth spurts occur.
• b. Awkwardness can occur due to slowed muscle
  development.
• c. Puberty is the development of sexual
  characteristics.
• (1) Femalesmenstruation begins, growth of pubic
  hair, development of breasts
• (2) Malesproduction of sperm, deeper voice,
  development of facial and body hair, more muscle
  mass

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D. Adolescence (12 to 20 years)

• 2. Mental development
• a. Skills learned in elementary school are
  sharpened.
• b. Decision-making skills are improved.

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D. Adolescence (12 to 20 years)

• 3. Social development
• a. Adolescents spend less time with family and
  more time with friends.
• b. Adolescents seek peer approval.

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D. Adolescence (12 to 20 years)

• 4. Emotional development
• a. Insecurities develop as body changes.
• b. Adolescents seek independence.
• c. By the end of this stage, individuals often
  feel comfort in their own identity.

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E. Early adulthood (20 to 40 years)

• Physical development is complete.
• 2. Mental development
• a. Education is continued in college.
• b. Career decisions are made during this stage.
• 3. Social development
• a. Friendships tend to be made with others who
  have the same goals and interests.
• b. Young adults move away from peer groups and
  begin families.

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E. Early adulthood (20 to 40 years)

• 4. Emotional development
• a. Emotional stresses occur in college, beginning
  marriages and families, and beginning new jobs.
• b. Satisfaction is found in personal
  achievements.

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F. Middle adulthood (40 to 65 years)

• 1. Physical development
• a. Hair begins to gray and becomes thin.
• b. Skin wrinkles develop.
• c. Females experience menopause.
• d. Hearing loss begins.

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F. Middle adulthood (40 to 65 years)

• 2. Mental development
• a. At this stage, individuals are confident in
  their decision-making skills.
• b. Formal education may be continued.

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F. Middle adulthood (40 to 65 years)

• 3. Social development
• a. Family relationships decline as children move
  away and start their own families.
• b. Husband and wife may become closer since there
  are more opportunities to spend time alone.
• c. Divorce rate may be high during this stage for
  couples who have stayed together for the
  children.

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F. Middle adulthood (40 to 65 years)

• 4. Emotional development
• a. There is a general contentment and
  satisfaction with life.
• b. Some, however, may experience a mid-life
  crisis (a change in values and interests which
  causes a person to question his or her current
  life).

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G. Late adulthood (65 years)

• 1. Physical development
• a. Physical development is declining.
• b. Skin is wrinkled.
• c. Bones are weakened and brittle.
• d. Hearing loss is pronounced.
• e. Mobility (the ability to move easily) is
  decreased.

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G. Late adulthood (65 years)

• 2. Mental development
• a. Seniors who remain mentally active and learn
  new things tend to have fewer problems with
  mental abilities.
• b. Short-term memory is the first to decline.
• c. Alzheimers disease may affect memory and
  other intellectual functions.

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G. Late adulthood (65 years)

• 3. Social development
• a. Some people may limit social relationships and
  spend much of their time alone.
• b. Some people remain very socially active,
  joining senior citizen groups and traveling.

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G. Late adulthood (65 years)

• 4. Emotional development
• a. Some handle the emotional stress of aging very
  well.
• b. Some become lonely, depressed, and withdrawn.
• c. Retirement, death of a spouse or friends, and
  physical disabilities may lead to emotional
  stress.

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II. Five stages of grieving

• A. Denial
• 1. Refuses to accept the reality of his or her
  impending death
• 2. Refuses to talk about it
• 3. Believes everyone is wrong

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II. Five stages of grieving

• B. Anger
• 1. Can no longer deny death
• 2. Cannot understand why it is happening to him
  or her
• 3. May be hostile to everyone

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II. Five stages of grieving

• C. Bargaining
• 1. Begins to accept death but wants to bargain
  more time
• 2. Often turns to religious or spiritual beliefs
  to bargain for more time
• 3. Works hard to achieve goals or finish tasks

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II. Five stages of grieving

• D. Depression
• 1. Realization that death is near and will no
  longer be with family and friends
• 2. Often expresses regrets throughout life and
  may become withdrawn
• 3. Experiences sadness and despair

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II. Five stages of grieving

• E. Acceptance
• 1. Finally accepts that he or she will die
• 2. May separate from family and friends
• 3. May wish to die with dignity