Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence C4I

1
Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and
Intelligence (C4I)

• A Personal Blue Force Tracking System
•  
• Charles Jacobus, PhD
• Charles Cohen, PhD
• Douglas Haanpaa
• Gary Siebert

2
Introduction

• Adding 3D to Blue Force Tracking Systems
• 3D topographic information using handheld
  computer
• Incorporating Tactical data as MIL -STD 2525B
  Symbols
• Presenting geographic information (elevation,
  terrain type, roads, boarders, etc.) so
• The perception of the three-dimensional is
  optimized
• Works for small processors and on small computer
  screens

3
Purpose

• Blue Force Tracking
• Allows commanders to see the locations of theirs
  and other friendly forces on electronic displays
  of the battlefield.
• Supports display of probable enemy formations.
• Reduces fratricide ground forces in Iraq using
  the Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below
  tactical communications system (FBCB2) had no
  friendly fire deaths.
• Provides the ideal integrating interface for all
  battlefield planning, operations tracking,
  reporting and after action review.

4
Borrowing from the STOW

• As has often been the case in C4ISR systems,
  many concepts from the STOW (Simulate Theater of
  War i.e. virtual training systems) can be
  adapted into the blue force tracking application
  to accelerate progress.

5
Current Tracking Systems

• FBCB2 -- Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and
  Below
• C2PC Command and Control Personal Computer
• CDA Commanders Digital Assistant
• ATCCS -- Army Tactical Command and Control
  System, which includes
• MCS Maneuver Control System
• AFATDS -- Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data
  System
• FAADC3I and FAADC2I Forward Area Air Defense
  Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence
• GCCS-X Global Command and Control System (-A is
  Army, -A(JOPES) is Joint, -M is Maritime,-T is
  Top Secret, etc.)
• Link 16 (and Link 11 A B) Systems used by the
  Air Force and Navy to support air and ship
  operations

6
FBCB2
FBCB2 Terminal

• Army System of Record
• Exchange via JVMF

CDA
7
C2PC

• USMC System of Record
• Data Automated Communications
• Terminal or DACT
• Exchange with FBCB2 via GCCS-A
• or Global Command and Control System - Army

8
MCS
Maneuver Control System is used by US Army armor
units and aircraft
9
Link 16

• Communicates situation data between battle group
  elements
• Define messages and time division multiplex
  messaging protocol

AWACS
Situation Displays
JSTARS
Battle Group
F-16
10
Similar Systems Used in STOW
OneSAF Displays

• OneSAF Displays

11
Tactical Viewer

• A system which has most of the features of an
  FBCB2
• Bring a fully 3D viewing experience
• Provides full multi-resolution 3D terrain and
  registered aerial imagery overlays
• Operates on small platforms as well as
  workstations
• Uses fault tolerant massively-multiplayer HLA
  network technology for messaging
• MIL 2525B symbology
• Demonstrated with Overseer, hardware accelerated
  version that can animate simulated forces

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. The Tactical Viewer with Line of Sight Analysis
Features Enabled
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Terrain Viewer Showing Roads and Tactical Elements
14
Supports HLA over PDA and Workstation Platforms
15
Also Requires Tracking Sensor

• TerraNavigator Personal Location Information
  (PLI)
• Plug-in Serial or USB
• GPS, Compass, Down Sensing Accelerometers in a
  portable package

16
Standard MIL 2525B Symbols
Symbol ID Coding Scheme 1 byte Affiliation 1
byte Battle Dimension 1 byte Status 1
byte Function ID (Type) 6 bytes Symbol
Modifier 2 bytes Country Code 2 bytes Order of
Battle 1 byte Total 15 bytes
17
Multi-Resolution 3D Terrain
Moving Grid over Quad Tree Terrain Representation
Smooth Panning from Ground to Space
18
Billboard Symbology
19
Overseer

• Hardware accelerated graphics
• Full screen view
• Multi-resolution terrain
• Tactical object placement and behaviors
• Swarm or group behaviors

20
Conclusion

• In this paper we have
• Reviewed current blue force tracking systems now
  in use across the DoD.
• Described an initiative Cybernet is taking to add
  the third dimension into these systems.
• Shown that applicable technology is directly
  derived from the distributed simulation work.