Electronics Merit Badge

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Electronics Merit Badge Class 3
Name ____________________
11/1/05
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(No Transcript)
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Electronics Merit
Badge Class 1 AC Power Sources DC Power
Sources Voltage, Current and Resistance Build
Circuit with Light, Buzzer and Switch Class
2 Components - Passive and Active Ohms
Law Ohms Law Tool Kit Transistor Logic IC
Logic Class 3 Binary Logic Binary / Hex Tool
Kit LED Circuit Design Class 4 Solder
Theory Solder Practice Build LED Kit
Pg 2
4
Binary Number System
There are various types of number coding
systems. Decimal is based on 10 different
symbols 0-9. This is useful for humans but
too complex for computers. A simpler system
was developed for computers based on two
symbols 1 and 0. 0 usually
represents ground (or 0 volts) 1 usually
represents a positive voltage (like 5 volts.)
This is called the Binary System. The
computer uses a series of 1s and 0s that are
grouped together in what is called a byte
consisting of eight 1s and 0s.
10100101 Each binary position has a numeric
value that doubles with each increased position.
1m 1m
Pg 3
5
Binary Number System
Binary is a series of 1s and 0s. Each 1 or 0 is
called a bit. A computer uses a series 8 bits
that is called a byte. Each bit within the byte
has a numeric value which is based on the power
of 2, such that each number is 2 times higher
than the next as noted below Decimal Binary
Byte 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 8
4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 2 0 2 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
2 1 3 4 0 1 0 0 ___ ___
_________ 5 0 1 0 1 0 4
0 1 5 6 0 1 1 0 ___ ___
_________ 7 0 1 1 1 0 4
2 1 7 8 1 0 0 0 8 0
0 0 8 9 1 0 0 1 ___ ___
_________
5m 6m
Pg 4
6
Binary/HEX Numbering System
Decimal Binary 128 64 32
16 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
HEX 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 01 2
0 0 1 0 0 0 2
0 2 02 3 0 0 1 1
0 0 2 1 3 03 4
0 1 0 0 ___ ___ _________
___ 5 0 1 0 1 0
4 0 1 5 05 6
0 1 1 0 0 4 2 0 6
06 7 0 1 1 1 0
4 2 1 7 07 8
1 0 0 0 ___ ______ ______
___ 9 1 0 0 1 8 0
0 1 9 09 10
1 0 1 0 8 0 2 0 10
0A 11 1 0 1 1 ___
______ ______ ___ 12
1 1 0 0 8 4 0 0 12
0C 13 1 1 0 1 8 4
0 1 13 0D 14
1 1 1 0 ___ ______ ______ ___
15 1 1 1 1 8 4
2 1 15 0F

5m 12m
Pg 6
7
Integrated Circuit Using Binary Language
Each time you press the button the output
changes. 0 to 1 then 1 to 0. The
output changes on each 0 to 1 transition. That
is why its called a Flip Flop. A Flip
Flop takes two clock changes for one output
change. That make a divide by 2 function.
Binary Flip Flop
5 VDC
1
Q
Clk
0
Press
Press
Press
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
Clock
1
0
0
Q Output
1
Start
3m 16m
Time
Pg 8
8
Integrated Circuit Using Binary Language
Flip Flop
4 Bit Binary Counter
5 VDC
1
Divide by 2
Divide by 16
Divide by 4
Divide by 8
0
0 0
0 0
press 0 0
0 1
press 2 0
0 1
0 press 4 0
0 1
1 press
6 0 1
0 0
press 8 0
1 0
1 press 10 0
1
1 0
press 12 0 1
1 1
press 14
3m 19m
Pg 9
9
Binary Tool Kit
Auto Count Mode Selection
Hex Binary/ Decimal Selection
Manual Count Increments Display
Resets Display Back to 000
Remote Power Supply 5vdc
IC 1
IC 2
IC has 2500 transistors
1m 20m
Pg 10
Do not pass out yet
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Binary Tool Kit Design IC consisting of 2500
Transistors
7 Segment LED Displays
Binary to 7 segment Display
a
b
c
d
e
f
a
b
c
d
e
f
a
b
c
e
f
g
g
d
g
LEDs
IC1
Clock Input
4 Bit Binary Counter (Flip Flops)
4 Bit Binary Counter (Flip Flops)
2m 22m
Pg 11
11
Binary Tool Kit Use Tool to find Answers
Decimal Count
0000 0 0 0001 0 1 0010 ___ 0011 ___ 0100
___ 0101 0 5 0110 0 6 0111 0 7 1000 0 8 1001
___ 1010 ___ 1011 ___ 1100 ___ 1101 1 3 1110
1 4 1111 1 5
IC 1
IC 2
Hand Out Tool
5m 27m
Pg 12
12
Micro-Processor Controlled Counter Project
Kit contains a microprocessor that is programmed
to drive 12 LEDs The micro is programmed to
starts blinking lights fast, then slowly comes
to a stop. You will draw the circuit schematic
this class, then next class build the kit.
1m 33m
Pg 14
13
Micro-Processor Controlled Counter
LEDs
Dot means a connection
Micro Processor PIC 16F818
1
4.5 VDC
2
C4 .1 uf
3
C3 22uf
R3 1 K
SW1 n.o.
4
A1 A2 A3 A4 A7 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
R2 10 K
5
VDC MR RA0 RB0 GND
SW3 Power
6
7
4.5 Volt Power
8
SW2 n.o.
C2 .1 uf
9
R4 33K
10
11
Mode
12
1m 34m
R1 200
Ground
Pg 15
14
Micro-Processor Controlled Counter
After SW3 is closed, voltage flows to the
circuit. The micro is programmed to count in
binary from 1 to 12 When SW1 is pressed,
capacitor C3 is discharged. Then when the button
is released the capacitor begins to charge as
shown below. As the capacitor is charged the
voltage goes toward 0 volts. This causes the
LEDs to blink from a fast rate to a slow rate
then stop. By pressing SW2, changes the mode
so the LEDs blink randomly.
LEDs
1
Micro Processor PIC 16F818
4.5 VDC
SW1 n.o.
C4 .1 uf
R2 10 K
R3 1 K
C3 22uf
SW3 Power
4.5 Volt Power
SW2 n.o.
C2 .1uf
R4 33K
4.5 VDC
12
0 Volts
R1 200
Mode
C3 Charge
C3 Charge
0 Volts
Internal Clock
SW1 Pressed again
Time
SW3 Closed
SW1 Pressed
6m 40m
Pg 16
15
Micro-Processor Controlled Counter Circuit Draw
the Schematic / Connect the lines
LEDs
Dot means a connection
Micro Processor PIC 16F818
1
4.5 VDC
2
C4 .1 uf
3
R2 10 K
SW1 n.o.
R3 1 K
4
A1 A2 A3 A4 A7 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
C3 22uf
5
VDC MR RA0 RB0 GND
SW3 Power
6
7
4.5 Volt Power
8
SW2 n.o.
C2 .1 uf
9
R4 33K
10
11
12
5m 45m
R1 200
Ground
Pg 17
16
Micro-Processor Controlled Counter
LEDs
Dot means a connection
Micro Processor PIC 16F818
1
4.5 VDC
2
C4 .1 uf
3
C3 22uf
R3 1 K
SW1 n.o.
4
A1 A2 A3 A4 A7 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
R2 10 K
5
VDC MR RA0 RB0 GND
SW3 Power
6
7
4.5 Volt Power
8
SW2 n.o.
C2 .1 uf
9
R4 33K
10
11
Mode
12
1m 34m
R1 200
Ground
Pg 15
17
Micro-Processor Controlled Counter
LEDs
Micro Processor The Microprocessor is programmed
to operate a sequence of commands that drives the
LEDs in different patterns The code has many
modes. Mode 1. LEDs start running fast in a
circle slowing down to a stop. Mode 2. LEDs
start fast and randomly blink then slowing down
to a stop. Mode 3. LEDs start running fast in a
circle then stop after about 30 seconds. Mode
4. LEDs start fast and randomly blink then stop
after 30 seconds. In Mode 1 and 2, if the start
button is pressed a second time while running it
freezes the speed rate until the button is
pressed again.
Micro Processor PIC 16F818
1
2
3
4
A1 A2 A3 A4 A7 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
5
VDC RA0 RB0 GND
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2m 47m
Pg 19
18
Micro-Processor Controlled Counter Project
The kits can be purchased from web site
www.electronicsmb.com